A Brief Form of the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale – Validation of the SWE-Short (S-SWE)
A Brief Form of the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale – Validation of the SWE-Short (S-SWE)
StatusVoR
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Authors
Kaźmierczak, Maria
Retowski, Sylwiusz
Plopa, Mieczysław
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Date
2026-02-25
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Journal title
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
Issue
1
Volume
22
Pages
Pages
21-32
ISSN
1895-1171
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Access date
2026-02-25
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
Mark Davis's (1999) theoretical model of empathy has garnered significant interest from researchers, as the multidimensional approach to empathy has been shown to be both theoretically and practically valid. The Polish adaptation of the empathy measurement method (Kaźmierczak et al., 2007) has proven effective across numerous studies, though one limitation is the scale's length (28 items). Motivated by successful efforts to develop shorter empathy scales (Grevenstein, 2020; Ingoglia et al., 2016), we set out to create a brief version of the scale in Polish. Based on the results of CFA conducted on two independent samples (n1 = 1841; n2 = 1835), we propose a 15-item version of the SWE-short (referred to as S-SWE). Similar to the 2007 version, the Polish SWE-short comprises three components: Empathic Concern, Personal Distress, and Perspective Taking. The analyses provide strong evidence that the SWE-short aligns well with the theoretically predicted model. While the reliabilities of all subscales are comparable to or slightly lower than those of the full version (Kaźmierczak et al., 2007), they are consistent with the results obtained by Davis (1980). Notably, negatively worded items were removed, as recommended by earlier research (Ingoglia et al., 2016). The intercorrelations between the empathy dimensions remained consistent with those observed in the original SWE. Convergent validity of the short version of the scale was also confirmed. Two from the SWE-short subscales were negatively correlated with psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism. Additionally, measurement invariance between women and men was examined, and no significant differences due to measurement bias were identified.
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Keywords PL
Keywords EN
empathy
empathic concern
perspective taking
personal distress
CFA
empathic concern
perspective taking
personal distress
CFA
Keywords other
Sustainable Development Goals
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