A Brief Form of the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale – Validation of the SWE-Short (S-SWE)

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dc.abstract.enMark Davis's (1999) theoretical model of empathy has garnered significant interest from researchers, as the multidimensional approach to empathy has been shown to be both theoretically and practically valid. The Polish adaptation of the empathy measurement method (Kaźmierczak et al., 2007) has proven effective across numerous studies, though one limitation is the scale's length (28 items). Motivated by successful efforts to develop shorter empathy scales (Grevenstein, 2020; Ingoglia et al., 2016), we set out to create a brief version of the scale in Polish. Based on the results of CFA conducted on two independent samples (n1 = 1841; n2 = 1835), we propose a 15-item version of the SWE-short (referred to as S-SWE). Similar to the 2007 version, the Polish SWE-short comprises three components: Empathic Concern, Personal Distress, and Perspective Taking. The analyses provide strong evidence that the SWE-short aligns well with the theoretically predicted model. While the reliabilities of all subscales are comparable to or slightly lower than those of the full version (Kaźmierczak et al., 2007), they are consistent with the results obtained by Davis (1980). Notably, negatively worded items were removed, as recommended by earlier research (Ingoglia et al., 2016). The intercorrelations between the empathy dimensions remained consistent with those observed in the original SWE. Convergent validity of the short version of the scale was also confirmed. Two from the SWE-short subscales were negatively correlated with psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism. Additionally, measurement invariance between women and men was examined, and no significant differences due to measurement bias were identified.
dc.affiliationWydział Psychologii w Sopocie
dc.contributor.authorKaźmierczak, Maria
dc.contributor.authorRetowski, Sylwiusz
dc.contributor.authorPlopa, Mieczysław
dc.date.access2026-02-25
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-15T11:58:30Z
dc.date.available2026-04-15T11:58:30Z
dc.date.created2025-12-01
dc.date.issued2026-02-25
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.issue1
dc.description.physical21-32
dc.description.sdgGoodHealthAndWellBeing
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume22
dc.identifier.doi10.5709/acp-0489-6
dc.identifier.issn1895-1171
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2303
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://ac-psych.org/en/issues/volume/22/issue/1#art495
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsCC-BY-NC-ND
dc.rights.questionYes_rights
dc.share.articleOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enempathy
dc.subject.enempathic concern
dc.subject.enperspective taking
dc.subject.enpersonal distress
dc.subject.enCFA
dc.swps.sciencecloudsend
dc.titleA Brief Form of the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale – Validation of the SWE-Short (S-SWE)
dc.title.journalAdvances in Cognitive Psychology
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle