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- 2025-11-28
Biblioteka Burbonów z Moulins
During the 15th and early 16th centuries the dukes belonging to the senior line of the House of Bourbon kept their books in a special room in one of the towers of their castle at Moulins. The family book collection grew from generation to generation, as the successive dukes and their duchesses bought, inherited or received as gifts manuscripts. From the last quarter of the 15th century, early printed books started to find their way to the Bourbon family library. Their manuscripts were often of great value thanks to their fine illuminations. Most of them contained religious and historical texts that enjoyed popularity in France of the late Middle Ages, which made the Bourbon library similar to other princely book collections of that time. In 1523 the collection of Moulins was confiscated at the order of King Francis I. - 2025-07-03
Expert-innovator behaviour questionnaire as a new tool for selecting potential experts
The effects of global change on development and the sustainability of the economy are visible in implementing innovations. Appropriate selection of experts, considering various knowledge areas, should use selected tools. The article introduces a research tool for selecting experts for innovation risk assessment. In particular, it aims to present individual measurement scales and their reliability assessment (Cronbach’s alpha). The article presents the factor structure of a potential expert’s competencies measured using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed for the appropriate selection of specialists from various industries, including production, mechanics, and management. The questionnaire constitutes a tool applicable for assessing and selecting people involved in the implementation and risk assessment of innovations. It is based on the following four scales (factors): open mind, closed mind, cognitive motivation, and response to uncertainty. The questionnaire’s effectiveness was studied using two research samples, n= 224 and n= 349, comprised of entrepreneurs and individuals professionally related to business and development and implementation of innovations. The interviewees were selected randomly. Factor analysis was used to reduce the test items in the questionnaire. The internal reliability of items was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha. The proposed questionnaire forms a new tool that can be used in selecting experts who deal with the risk assessment of innovations and in the broadly understood process of recruiting staff with appropriate competencies in terms of mindset characteristics. The article presents an analysis related to the conduct of typical research in Management and Quality Sciences, as well as practical principles guiding the use of the questionnaire, which may have wider application in the practice of risk management. The article presents the measurement tool with the answer key, which is a valuable guide for interpreting the results. The questionnaire facilitates the selection of individuals focused on independent and courageous problem-solving and the statement of evaluations. At the same time, an adequate level of caution should be respected, characterising people with risk aversion. Furthermore, creativity and openness are coupled with a considerable ability to develop new solutions and rationally respond to difficult and unpredictable situations. - 2025-10-31
Mądrość istnienia: racjomorficzność, autonoetyczność
The article argues that there is a universal, earlier, neurobiologically determined core representing the wisdom of existence as an attribute of life, its subjectivity, autonomy, and subjectivity. For pre-human beings, the basis of their wisdom is various forms of ratiomorphism that determine the scanning of the environment and adaptation to its changes. Later, the emergence of autonomy and developed language changes the forms of wisdom. Wisdom appears as a state of mind and the associated metacognition, reflective thinking, and autonomy of cognition. In a general sense, the basis of the wisdom of living organisms is determined by the synchronization of ratiomorphic mechanisms directed toward variable adaptive goals. This synchronization determines the core of wisdom defined by Walter Cannon as the wisdom of the body. This core was shaped in the course of the evolution of a monohierarchical memory system, from primitive procedural memory, through semantic memory, to autonoetic memory. Is there a clear boundary separating human wisdom from various forms of wisdom in living beings? If we consider procedural memory to be the basis, then such a boundary cannot be drawn. Procedural memory determines the results of unconscious intuitive processing and the associated structures of implicit experience. Procedural memory, equivalent to the mechanisms of intuition, constitutes the primary core of wisdom. Later, when autobiographical (episodic) memory emerges and takes shape, wisdom becomes its inherent internal component as an experience of one's own existence, temporal orientation, and journey through time. Autonoeticity emerges as an experience of the rationality of one's own existence. In a structural sense, the core of wisdom integrates globally oriented intuitive experience with the results of metacognition and experienced autonoeticity. In a functional sense, the basis of wisdom is constituted by mechanisms of cognitive equivalence change through complementary forms of abstract and metaphorical thinking. - 2025-11
Fenomen stanu Delaware jako lidera w kształtowaniu amerykańskiego prawa spółek
The aim of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of Delaware corporate law. For decades, Delaware, one of the smallest states in the United States, has consistently dominated as the preferred place of incorporation for companies — both for domestic and foreign investors. The purpose of this article is to analyse the key factors behind Delaware’s success, which may serve as inspiration for other legal systems, including the Polish system. - 2025-06-30
Death rituals for the living: Exploring the history and diversity of the shamanic death rituals in Korea
This article examines the diverse forms of shamanic death rituals observed in Korea from a historical perspective. Korean shamanism, or musok, is a highly dynamic form of faith centred on the figure of the shaman, associated rituals, and a worldview that has been passed down orally among shamans from generation to generation. It is important to note, however, that this worldview, and therefore the ritual itself, has never been fixed or unchangeable. To the contrary, Korean shamans have demonstrated the capacity for continual adaptation of their practices in response to the evolving needs of their society. This has been achieved by the adoption of elements from a variety of religious traditions, which has resulted in the continuous transformation, and even creation of new ritual forms. The death ritual performed when person is still alive, known as sanogu kut, is an example of this. This ongoing evolution has resulted in the rich diversity of shamanic death rituals observed in South Korea today.
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- 2024-05-24
Psychologia społeczna. Wydanie drugie zaktualizowane
Nowa wersja podręcznika Psychologia społeczna ukazuje się w 14 lat po jego pierwszej edycji. Później było wiele wydań, bo podręcznik zyskał powszechne uznanie wykładowców i studentów. To wydanie jednak zasadniczo różni się od poprzednich. Współautorem został Tomasz Grzyb. W tomie przybyło wiele nowych fragmentów, niektóre kwestie zaktualizowano bądź opatrzono dodatkowymi komentarzami, odwołując się do świeżej literatury. Przede wszystkim zmienił się świat dookoła nas, pojawiły się nowe zjawiska, jak na przykład światowa pandemia COVID-19 i wraz z tym potrzeba odniesienia się do jej psychologicznych konsekwencji, a o wielu zjawiskach, którymi zajmuje się psychologia społeczna wiemy dziś więcej niż kilkanaście lat temu. Nie pozostało to bez wpływu na sam podręcznik – jego nowa, zmodyfikowana i przeredagowana treść lepiej oddaje charakter zmieniającej się, choć ciągle tak samo fascynującej dziedziny, jaką jest psychologia społeczna. Profesorowie Bogdan Wojciszke i Tomasz Grzyb, psychologowie o światowej renomie, napisali podręcznik do psychologii społecznej, jakiego jeszcze w Polsce nie było. Książka obejmuje wszystkie klasyczne zagadnienia składające się na tę dyscyplinę oraz zagadnienia relatywnie nowe, takie jak kwestie różnic płci, nowych mediów, społeczeństwa sieci, miłości i władzy. Napisana jasnym i barwnym językiem skupia się na prawidłowościach rządzących ludzką psychiką i postępowaniem. Pokazuje, w jak fascynujący sposób psychologia społeczna odpowiada na pytanie, kim jest człowiek i na czym polega jego społeczna natura. Wcześniejsze wydania tej książki stały się fundamentem dydaktyki akademickiej na kierunku psychologia. - 2025-08-11
What Puppygirls Know? The (in)Human Pedagogy of a Trans Feminine Style
‘Puppygirls’ is a name for a particular kinky trans feminine lesbian style, rooted in the long history of trans erotic productions, and currently thriving on social media platforms, such as Twitter (now X), Bluesky, or Discord. In this article, I provide an analysis of the style that is rooted in personal immersion in ‘puppygirl culture’. Using several examples of puppygirl media productions, I argue for the possibility of reading the puppygirl style as a critical practice: one that hints at ways of being trans that do rely on the ciscentric understanding of ‘the human’ as their point of reference. In doing so, I show how puppygirl style resonates with theoretical interventions in the field of trans studies offered by scholars such as Susan Stryker and Talia Mae Bettcher. Rural protest 2012-2022
The database contains occurrences of collective acts of rural protest. It contains a catalogue of all publicly registered rural collective protests events in 2012–2022—a universe. Definition Rural is defined as either 1. occurring within a rural area; or 2. involving rural actors (groups or organizations based in rural communities; or 3. pertaining to issues specific to the countryside, rural life, rural issues, agriculture or the natural environment. “Public” is understood to mean an action which is reported in at least one source. “Collective” is an action undertaken by at least three people. A collective public event is an act of protest if it is undertaken to articulate certain specified demands and is not a routine or legally prescribed behaviour of a social or political organization and whose form deviates from the routinely accepted way of voicing demands. Demands are “articulated” when the participants (whether organized or not) turn to institutions, organizations and enterprises, both public and private, and: express demands addressed at the public. A single protest event may include the activity of several separate groups or organizations. Unit of analysis The unit of analysis combines information derived from a series of articles from all the analysed publications dealing with one particular protest event or with a series of activities which can be defined as a single collective public protest event. Sources The methodology was used to collect information from sectoral (agricultural) and local sources. The sources of information are media which focus their reporting on rural affairs and the countryside. Their content was stored by and commissioned from a specialized company. Full list of queried outlets: aerisfuturo.pl; agri24.pl; agrobiznespark.pl; agrodziennik.pl; agrofakt.pl; agrofoto.pl; agroindustry.pl; agrolok.pl; agropasja.tv; agropolska.pl; agroprofil.pl; agrosukces.pl; agro-technika.pl; akademiarzepaku.pl; arimr.gov.pl; atrexpress.com.pl; bagna.pl; besthunters.pl; bezpluga.pl; biogardena.pl; biuroprasowe.pl; biznes-ogrodniczy.pl; braclowiecka.pl; bronisze.com.pl; carnivores.eu; cenyrolnicze.pl; chronmyklimat.pl; ciee-gda.pl; cire.pl; co valgarden.pl; darzbor24.pl; dinoanimals.pl; dlafarmera.pl; dlaflorystow.pl; dobre-traktory.pl; doplaty.pl; drwal. net.pl; dzienniklesny.pl; dziennikrolniczy.pl; dzikiezycie.pl; ecocafe.eu; ecocafe.pl; ecoekonomia.pl; econews.pl; ecoportal.com.pl; ecopress.pl; e-gospodarkaodpadami.pl; ekodostawcy.pl; ekoedu.com.pl; ekoexpo.pl; ekogroup.info; ekoinfo.pl; ekolas.mtp.pl; ekologia.pl; ekologiawpolsce.pl; ekologo.pl; eko-net.pl; ekonews.com. pl; ekooszczedni.pl; ekopolityka.pl; ekoportal.gov.pl; ekoquchnia.pl; eko-unia.org.pl; eko-uprawy.pl; elpiro.pl; energiapress.pl; e-odpady.com; e-warzywnictwo.pl; fajnyogrod.pl; fakt.pl; fanipogody.pl; floryscipolscy.pl; forest-monitor.com; forum-mleczarskie.org; fresh-market.pl; fundacjamare.pl; gartija.pl; gazeta.pl; gazetalesna. pl; gdos.gov.pl; gospodarz.tv; green-news.pl; greenpolska.com; green-projects.pl; gridw.pl; grupyogrodnicze.pl; ibles.pl; inspekty.pl; instytutoze.pl; i-rolnik.pl; izbamleka.pl; izbarolnicza.pl; kalendarzrolnikow.pl; kfpz.pl; kobietawsadzie.pl; kololesnikow.pl; kowr.gov.pl; krir.pl; laspolski.pl; lasy-prywatne.pl; losyziemi.pl; love lygarden.pl; lowiecpolski.pl; magazynbiomasa.pl; maszynydlafarmera.pl; miastonaplus.pl; min-pan.krakow.pl; moj-ogrodnik.pl; mojpieknyogrod.pl; motofarmer.pl; naszarola.pl; naszaziemia.pl; natgeokids.pl; natura2000. gdos.gov.pl; natura2000.org.pl; naukadlaprzyrody.pl; naukaoklimacie.pl; nawozy.eu; newslink.com.pl; nfosigw. gov.pl; nowoczesnafarma.pl; nowoczesnerolnictwo.info; nowydzialkowiec.pl; odpady.net.pl; ogrodwmiescie.pl; oikos.tv; okiemrolnika.pl; onoze.pl; opryskiwacze.info; otwarteklatki.pl; owk.pl; ozeon.com.pl; piorin.gov.pl; pir.home.pl; podoslonami.pl; polskawies24.pl; polskialarmsmogowy.pl; polskierolnictwo.pl; polskiesadownictwo.pl; poluje.pl; pomyslnaogrod.pl; poradnikogrodniczy.pl; portalhodowcy.pl; portalwysokichplonow.pl; ppr.pl; przedsiebiorcarolny.pl; przyrodnicze.org; puszcza.tv; pzlow.pl; raportrolny.com; recykling.pl; rolnictwo. com.pl; rolniczeabc.pl; rolnikinfo.pl; rolnikpolski.pl; rp.pl; sad24.pl; sadinfo.pl; sadnowoczesny.pl; sadownictwo. com.pl; sadyogrody.pl; salamandra.org.pl; sitlid.pl; smoglab.pl; sozosfera.pl; spalarnie-odpadow.pl; sprh.pl; srodowisko.pl; strefaagro.pl; swiatoze.pl; swiatrolnika.info; swietodrzewa.pl; targilesne.pl; teraz-srodowisko.pl; tpl.org.pl; traktory.info.pl; tvagro.pl; twojapogoda.pl; tygodnik-rolniczy.pl; tylkoprzyroda.pl; uprawypolowe.pl; warzywa.pl; warzywaiowoce.pl; warzywapolowe.pl; werandacountry.pl; wiescirolnicze.pl; wiz.pl; wlaczoszcze dzanie.pl; wody.gov.pl; wprost.pl; wspolnytrakt.pl; wwf.pl; wymarzonyogrod.pl; zagoramizalasami.org; zagroda nowa.pl; zakochaniwkwiatach.pl; zepak.com.pl; zielonagospodarka.pl; zielonasiec.pl; zielonewiadomosci.pl; zielonewydarzenia.pl; zielonyogrodek.pl; zlpwrp.pl; zpppn.pl; zycierolnika.pl- 2023-06-09
Fantazje o byciu podawaną z rąk do rąk. Transkobiece marzenia o uprzedmiotowieniu jako mechanizm produkcji płci
This article is an attempt at the analysis of the relationship between trans feminine fantasies of extreme, sadomasochistic objectification in sexual relations, and social means of the production of gender. Using mixed methods (literary ana-lysis, autotheory, and feminist critique) it situates the problem of sadomasochism and trans femininity within the context of patriarchal gender norms, but also within the context of the desire to embody these norms as a form of a gender affirmation. Rejecting trans-exclusionary proposals, it suggests the possibility to understand the trans feminine romance with objectification as an intentional strategy for seizing the means of the production of gender. However, to understand those strategies, one must look beyond frameworks which portray agency as being founded on a com-plete exclusion of submissiveness.