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- 2026-05-26
Awareness shapes fairness: how Children’s emotion atributions reflect sensitivity to unequal treatment
How do children reason about fairness when transgressors receive different consequences for the same misdeed? In a pre-registered study with N = 122 participants at 6 to 9 years, we investigated how children evaluate unequal norm enforcement (punishment vs. leniency) and how they integrate a transgressor’s knowledge state about the inequality into their emotion attributions. Results showed that children revised their emotion attributions depending on whether the transgressor was aware of being treated differently. Children initially attributed happiness to an unpunished transgressor or sadness to a punished transgressor. However, they subsequently attributed mixed emotions such as guilt or sadness combined with relief to transgressors who learned about the inequality but not to transgressors who only knew about the punishment to the self. These results suggest that children reflect not only on the consequences to the individual but also on the transgressors’ knowledge about whether a meta-norm of equality has been violated. - 2026-06-01
Association between life satisfaction and selected socio-demographic factors and social and professional activity – a comparative study between patients with Crohn’s disease and patients with ulcerative colitis
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) substantially affect patients’ physical, psychological, and social functioning. Although numerous studies have evaluated health-related quality of life in IBD, comparatively fewer investigations have focused specifically on life satisfaction and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics. Aim: The study aimed to compare patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), assess their level of life satisfaction, and evaluate its association with selected socio-demographic factors and social and professional activity. Material and methods: This comparative study included 109 patients with CD and 101 patients with UC. The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of IBD and an age of 18–85 years. The patients were recruited from the Clinical Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Outpatient Gastroenterology Department of the University Hospital of Krakow. Results: The study did not reveal any differences between the groups in mean life satisfaction. No significant differences were observed regarding the effects of the diseases on social and professional activity. The CD patients demonstrated statistically significant differences in their life satisfaction by education level. The satisfaction level of UC subjects was significantly affected by their place of residence. Both CD and UC increased the need to restrict or withdraw from professional life, limiting social contacts. The decrease in Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was most affected by the deterioration of social standing; the least dependence was observed for the necessity of limiting one’s professional life. Conclusions: Both CD and UC patients report similar levels of life satisfaction, as both conditions have a comparable impact on their social and work lives. The patients are apprehensive about their future and are forced to limit their present professional involvement or withdraw from their professional life. - 2026-02-12
At the Speed of a Verb: Grammatical Class of Stimuli Affects Response Time in Surveys and Syntactic Classification Tasks
Verbs, as the conventional linguistic category for expressing action and motion, possess meta-semantic associations specifically with action-orientation—associations not typically found in other grammatical classes (e.g., nouns). The central aim of this research was to examine whether the proposed association between verbs and action manifests in shorter response times for verbs compared to other grammatical forms. In Studies 1a and 1b (N1a = 136, N1b = 323), we examined the impact of exposure to verbs versus nouns on overall completion time for a complex questionnaire survey. In Studies 2a and 2b (N2a = 92, N2b = 96), we employed a syntactic classification task to investigate behavioral responses to verbs and nouns, using a pseudoword paradigm in which carefully constructed lexical stimuli were devoid of semantic meaning but clearly conveyed grammatical class through suffixes. Across all four experiments, we consistently observed shorter response times for verbs and pseudoverbs compared to nouns and pseudonouns, suggesting that grammatical class exerts meta-semantic effects on behavior. - 2026-01-23
Words without power: Reduced semantic (but not grammatical) agency signals low mood and self-esteem
Agentic language—words and phrases that reflect a speaker's sense of control, intention, or ability to act—has been proposed as a linguistic marker of psychological well-being. Across two preregistered studies (N = 587), we examined whether individuals experiencing lower mood or reduced self-esteem use less agentic language in written utterances. Participants completed validated measures of current and prolonged mood, depressive symptoms, and explicit and implicit self-esteem, followed by a writing task. Agentic language use was assessed through both semantic and grammatical indicators. In both studies, low mood and self-esteem emerged as strong negative predictors of semantic indicators of agency, with prolonged affect and explicit self-liking being the most consistent and robust correlates. Furthermore, semantic indicators reliably distinguished individuals who met the screening threshold for depression from those who did not, with depressed participants using significantly less agentic language. Grammatical indicators of agency, on the other hand, showed weaker and less consistent associations. These findings suggest that semantic—but not grammatical—expressions of agency may serve as subtle behavioural markers of mood and self-related evaluations. Beyond theoretical implications for psycholinguistics and clinical psychology, this work offers potential applications in scalable psychological screening tools, therapeutic language-based interventions, and self-guided mental health technologies.
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- 2024-05-24
Psychologia społeczna. Wydanie drugie zaktualizowane
Nowa wersja podręcznika Psychologia społeczna ukazuje się w 14 lat po jego pierwszej edycji. Później było wiele wydań, bo podręcznik zyskał powszechne uznanie wykładowców i studentów. To wydanie jednak zasadniczo różni się od poprzednich. Współautorem został Tomasz Grzyb. W tomie przybyło wiele nowych fragmentów, niektóre kwestie zaktualizowano bądź opatrzono dodatkowymi komentarzami, odwołując się do świeżej literatury. Przede wszystkim zmienił się świat dookoła nas, pojawiły się nowe zjawiska, jak na przykład światowa pandemia COVID-19 i wraz z tym potrzeba odniesienia się do jej psychologicznych konsekwencji, a o wielu zjawiskach, którymi zajmuje się psychologia społeczna wiemy dziś więcej niż kilkanaście lat temu. Nie pozostało to bez wpływu na sam podręcznik – jego nowa, zmodyfikowana i przeredagowana treść lepiej oddaje charakter zmieniającej się, choć ciągle tak samo fascynującej dziedziny, jaką jest psychologia społeczna. Profesorowie Bogdan Wojciszke i Tomasz Grzyb, psychologowie o światowej renomie, napisali podręcznik do psychologii społecznej, jakiego jeszcze w Polsce nie było. Książka obejmuje wszystkie klasyczne zagadnienia składające się na tę dyscyplinę oraz zagadnienia relatywnie nowe, takie jak kwestie różnic płci, nowych mediów, społeczeństwa sieci, miłości i władzy. Napisana jasnym i barwnym językiem skupia się na prawidłowościach rządzących ludzką psychiką i postępowaniem. Pokazuje, w jak fascynujący sposób psychologia społeczna odpowiada na pytanie, kim jest człowiek i na czym polega jego społeczna natura. Wcześniejsze wydania tej książki stały się fundamentem dydaktyki akademickiej na kierunku psychologia. - 2025-08-11
What Puppygirls Know? The (in)Human Pedagogy of a Trans Feminine Style
‘Puppygirls’ is a name for a particular kinky trans feminine lesbian style, rooted in the long history of trans erotic productions, and currently thriving on social media platforms, such as Twitter (now X), Bluesky, or Discord. In this article, I provide an analysis of the style that is rooted in personal immersion in ‘puppygirl culture’. Using several examples of puppygirl media productions, I argue for the possibility of reading the puppygirl style as a critical practice: one that hints at ways of being trans that do rely on the ciscentric understanding of ‘the human’ as their point of reference. In doing so, I show how puppygirl style resonates with theoretical interventions in the field of trans studies offered by scholars such as Susan Stryker and Talia Mae Bettcher. - 2023
Wypalenie rodzicielskie: wprowadzenie do teorii i badań
The aim of the article is to present the concept of parental burnout, which has recently become a topic of interest for researchers. In the article, we review the theoretical concept of parental burnout, present the questionnaires to measure it as well as the research results indicating risk factors and consequences of parental burnout, and the first studies on the effectiveness of psychological interventions to reduce it. This article presents information in a concise, simple and understandable way, providing readers with a quick overview of the theory of parental burnout and the latest research on this phenomenon. - 2024-06
The Big Three Perfectionism Scale: Validation of the Polish Version
The Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS) was created to integrate different aspects of perfectionism, including the newly conceptualized concept of narcissistic perfectionism. The goal of our two studies (N = 1341) was to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the BTPS, supporting the validity and portability of the measure. The studies were conducted among people who had a child, thus contributing to a better understanding of parental perfectionism, one of the key factors influencing parental well-being and a child’s functioning. Our analyses included investigating the structure of the scale, intercorrelations between subscales, reliability, and convergent validity by correlating BTPS scores with other measures of perfectionism and correlates of psychopathology (borderline symptoms) and parental difficulties (parental stress and parental burnout). Results supported the structure of the original BTPS. As predicted, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that items comprising the Polish adaptation of the questionnaire, like the original version, measure three related but specific aspects of perfectionism: rigid perfectionism, self-critical perfectionism, and narcissistic perfectionism. The three dimensions were also found to be specifically related to the difficulties experienced by parents. Further, the Polish version of the BTPS was found to have good internal reliability and validity. Our results from two independent Polish samples suggest that the Polish version of the BTPS is a psychometrically robust measure of perfectionism for assessing the three perfectionism factors.
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