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- 2025-06-11
Reveal or conceal your body? Differential manifestations of self-objectification are related to different patterns for women
Body concealment, namely the attitudes and strategies specifically aimed at avoiding the other’s gaze towards one’s body, is here advanced as a relevant manifestation of chronic self-objectification. We juxtapose it to body exposure, that is the pursuit of being the object of others’ gaze. Three validation studies conducted in Italy (Studies 1 and 2) and the UK (Study 3), and an additional focus group, showed that body concealment and exposure are distinct responses, both positively linked to self-objectification. Importantly, distinct dimensions of self-objectification were associated with body concealment and body exposure: the internalization of the observer’s perspective was linked to body concealment via body shame; the internalization of objectifying ideals, instead, was associated with greater exposure (Study 4, Italy). Notably, body concealment, but not body exposure, was related to health issues typically linked to self-objectification, such as depression and disordered eating (Study 5, UK). Together, these studies (Ntotal = 2853) introduce body concealment as a new phenomenon within the sexual objectification framework, distinct from body exposure. From a theoretical perspective, this distinction reconciles seemingly contradictory evidence. From an applied point of view, body concealment has specific negative implications for women’s well-being, deserving the attention of scholars and practitioners. - 2025
Tożsamość kulturowa i proces kształtowania się tożsamości dwukulturowej. Badania imigranckie i studium przypadku bature w Nigerii
The purpose of this article is to present the author’s theory of cultural identity, its bicultural extension, and its research applications in the field of acculturation psychology. Numerous identity concepts are organized into a three-tiered taxonomy in the introductory section. It starts with the classic bifurcation between individual and collective, of which the latter is further divided into social and cultural, as two distinct versions. Cultural identity can finally take a single, bi, or multicultural shape. Attempts to incorporate social identity theory into acculturation research have been criticized as inadequate. Cultural identity is based on three content layers that comprise the content of objective and subjective culture: symbolism, language, and axiology. They characterize first or secondary culture acquisition equally, but the levels of achieved competencies and affective cathexes are rarely balanced. Cultural identity in each of the three layers is a relational concept, meaning it is a product of competence and cathexis. The theoretical and measurement frameworks are precisely presented and illustrated by the results of recent studies, which suggest the partiality of bicultural identity, broken down into components related to the country of settlement and origin. Using the conceptual framework outlined earlier, the final part of the paper is a showcase of the author’s acculturation experience in Nigeria. It is cast against two triads of cultural dimensions, largely differentiating West Africa and Poland within the European Union: traditionalism and task orientation. Cultural distance on both hinders and even prevents the formation of a balanced bicultural identity. For a person of a European descent, even a longer stay in Africa remains a chal-lenge, an exotic experience, and a mission, where the civilizational gap impedes the acceptance of life principles that contradict European heritage and modernity. - 2025-12-12
„My i Oni” – granice symboliczne klasy średniej w Polsce
Symbolic boundaries are conceptual lines embracing certain people and things while others are excluded. Researchers argue that divisions into “us” and “them” are a product of boundary work and largely depend on the meanings that people ascribe to them. An important role in this process is played both by the cultural repertoires people can draw on and the structural conditions in which they live. The goal of this article is to examine the mechanisms behind the construction of symbolic boundaries by people belonging to the middle class in Poland. What categories and classification patterns do they apply to define the differences between people like “us” and people like “them”, and what argumentative strategies do they use to maintain and legitimize these divisions? An analysis of individual in-depth interviews pointed to the existence of internal differences within the middle class (economic fraction and cultural fraction) and to how the social context influences the way in which the respondents in Warsaw and Wałbrzych construct the symbolic boundaries of their class. - 2025-06-02
The role of social class in the use of gender-inclusive language: An analysis of Polish and German job titles
Past research has found that gender-inclusive language is more commonly used in egalitarian cultures. People in middle-class communities not only endorse more egalitarian values but also more strongly believe that social change is possible than people in working-class communities. As such, there may be a higher demand for and, thus, use of gender-inclusive language in middle-class professions than for working class professions. Two studies investigated the use of feminine and gender-inclusive job titles for working vs. middle class professions in two grammatical gender languages, namely feminine job titles in Polish corpus texts (Study 1) and gender-inclusive job titles in Swiss German job advertisements (Study 2). Results showed that feminine and gender-inclusive job titles were indeed more often used for middle- than for working-class professions in both countries. These findings document the need to take social class into account in future language research as well as in the implementation of language reforms. - 2025-11
Mobilize is a verb: The use of verbs and concrete language is associated with authors’ and readers’ perceptions of a text’s action orientation and persuasiveness
In three studies, we investigated the role of linguistic features characterizing texts aiming to mobilize others. In Study 1 (N = 728), participants produced a leaflet either mobilizing others to engage in an action or expressing their thoughts about that action, and evaluated how action-oriented their text was. Mobilizing texts included more verbs and concrete words, and the presence of these linguistic characteristics was positively linked to participants’ evaluations of their messages as action-oriented. In Studies 2 and 3 (N = 557 and N = 556), independent groups of participants evaluated texts produced in Study 1. Readers’ perceptions of texts as action-oriented were associated with the same linguistic features as in Study 1 and further positively linked to perceived message effectiveness (Study 2) and behavioral intention (Study 3). The studies reveal how encoding and decoding of verbs and concrete words serve as distinct persuasive tools in calls to action.
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- 2024-05-24
Psychologia społeczna. Wydanie drugie zaktualizowane
Nowa wersja podręcznika Psychologia społeczna ukazuje się w 14 lat po jego pierwszej edycji. Później było wiele wydań, bo podręcznik zyskał powszechne uznanie wykładowców i studentów. To wydanie jednak zasadniczo różni się od poprzednich. Współautorem został Tomasz Grzyb. W tomie przybyło wiele nowych fragmentów, niektóre kwestie zaktualizowano bądź opatrzono dodatkowymi komentarzami, odwołując się do świeżej literatury. Przede wszystkim zmienił się świat dookoła nas, pojawiły się nowe zjawiska, jak na przykład światowa pandemia COVID-19 i wraz z tym potrzeba odniesienia się do jej psychologicznych konsekwencji, a o wielu zjawiskach, którymi zajmuje się psychologia społeczna wiemy dziś więcej niż kilkanaście lat temu. Nie pozostało to bez wpływu na sam podręcznik – jego nowa, zmodyfikowana i przeredagowana treść lepiej oddaje charakter zmieniającej się, choć ciągle tak samo fascynującej dziedziny, jaką jest psychologia społeczna. Profesorowie Bogdan Wojciszke i Tomasz Grzyb, psychologowie o światowej renomie, napisali podręcznik do psychologii społecznej, jakiego jeszcze w Polsce nie było. Książka obejmuje wszystkie klasyczne zagadnienia składające się na tę dyscyplinę oraz zagadnienia relatywnie nowe, takie jak kwestie różnic płci, nowych mediów, społeczeństwa sieci, miłości i władzy. Napisana jasnym i barwnym językiem skupia się na prawidłowościach rządzących ludzką psychiką i postępowaniem. Pokazuje, w jak fascynujący sposób psychologia społeczna odpowiada na pytanie, kim jest człowiek i na czym polega jego społeczna natura. Wcześniejsze wydania tej książki stały się fundamentem dydaktyki akademickiej na kierunku psychologia. - 2025-08-11
What Puppygirls Know? The (in)Human Pedagogy of a Trans Feminine Style
‘Puppygirls’ is a name for a particular kinky trans feminine lesbian style, rooted in the long history of trans erotic productions, and currently thriving on social media platforms, such as Twitter (now X), Bluesky, or Discord. In this article, I provide an analysis of the style that is rooted in personal immersion in ‘puppygirl culture’. Using several examples of puppygirl media productions, I argue for the possibility of reading the puppygirl style as a critical practice: one that hints at ways of being trans that do rely on the ciscentric understanding of ‘the human’ as their point of reference. In doing so, I show how puppygirl style resonates with theoretical interventions in the field of trans studies offered by scholars such as Susan Stryker and Talia Mae Bettcher. Rural protest 2012-2022
The database contains occurrences of collective acts of rural protest. It contains a catalogue of all publicly registered rural collective protests events in 2012–2022—a universe. Definition Rural is defined as either 1. occurring within a rural area; or 2. involving rural actors (groups or organizations based in rural communities; or 3. pertaining to issues specific to the countryside, rural life, rural issues, agriculture or the natural environment. “Public” is understood to mean an action which is reported in at least one source. “Collective” is an action undertaken by at least three people. A collective public event is an act of protest if it is undertaken to articulate certain specified demands and is not a routine or legally prescribed behaviour of a social or political organization and whose form deviates from the routinely accepted way of voicing demands. Demands are “articulated” when the participants (whether organized or not) turn to institutions, organizations and enterprises, both public and private, and: express demands addressed at the public. A single protest event may include the activity of several separate groups or organizations. Unit of analysis The unit of analysis combines information derived from a series of articles from all the analysed publications dealing with one particular protest event or with a series of activities which can be defined as a single collective public protest event. Sources The methodology was used to collect information from sectoral (agricultural) and local sources. The sources of information are media which focus their reporting on rural affairs and the countryside. Their content was stored by and commissioned from a specialized company. Full list of queried outlets: aerisfuturo.pl; agri24.pl; agrobiznespark.pl; agrodziennik.pl; agrofakt.pl; agrofoto.pl; agroindustry.pl; agrolok.pl; agropasja.tv; agropolska.pl; agroprofil.pl; agrosukces.pl; agro-technika.pl; akademiarzepaku.pl; arimr.gov.pl; atrexpress.com.pl; bagna.pl; besthunters.pl; bezpluga.pl; biogardena.pl; biuroprasowe.pl; biznes-ogrodniczy.pl; braclowiecka.pl; bronisze.com.pl; carnivores.eu; cenyrolnicze.pl; chronmyklimat.pl; ciee-gda.pl; cire.pl; co valgarden.pl; darzbor24.pl; dinoanimals.pl; dlafarmera.pl; dlaflorystow.pl; dobre-traktory.pl; doplaty.pl; drwal. net.pl; dzienniklesny.pl; dziennikrolniczy.pl; dzikiezycie.pl; ecocafe.eu; ecocafe.pl; ecoekonomia.pl; econews.pl; ecoportal.com.pl; ecopress.pl; e-gospodarkaodpadami.pl; ekodostawcy.pl; ekoedu.com.pl; ekoexpo.pl; ekogroup.info; ekoinfo.pl; ekolas.mtp.pl; ekologia.pl; ekologiawpolsce.pl; ekologo.pl; eko-net.pl; ekonews.com. pl; ekooszczedni.pl; ekopolityka.pl; ekoportal.gov.pl; ekoquchnia.pl; eko-unia.org.pl; eko-uprawy.pl; elpiro.pl; energiapress.pl; e-odpady.com; e-warzywnictwo.pl; fajnyogrod.pl; fakt.pl; fanipogody.pl; floryscipolscy.pl; forest-monitor.com; forum-mleczarskie.org; fresh-market.pl; fundacjamare.pl; gartija.pl; gazeta.pl; gazetalesna. pl; gdos.gov.pl; gospodarz.tv; green-news.pl; greenpolska.com; green-projects.pl; gridw.pl; grupyogrodnicze.pl; ibles.pl; inspekty.pl; instytutoze.pl; i-rolnik.pl; izbamleka.pl; izbarolnicza.pl; kalendarzrolnikow.pl; kfpz.pl; kobietawsadzie.pl; kololesnikow.pl; kowr.gov.pl; krir.pl; laspolski.pl; lasy-prywatne.pl; losyziemi.pl; love lygarden.pl; lowiecpolski.pl; magazynbiomasa.pl; maszynydlafarmera.pl; miastonaplus.pl; min-pan.krakow.pl; moj-ogrodnik.pl; mojpieknyogrod.pl; motofarmer.pl; naszarola.pl; naszaziemia.pl; natgeokids.pl; natura2000. gdos.gov.pl; natura2000.org.pl; naukadlaprzyrody.pl; naukaoklimacie.pl; nawozy.eu; newslink.com.pl; nfosigw. gov.pl; nowoczesnafarma.pl; nowoczesnerolnictwo.info; nowydzialkowiec.pl; odpady.net.pl; ogrodwmiescie.pl; oikos.tv; okiemrolnika.pl; onoze.pl; opryskiwacze.info; otwarteklatki.pl; owk.pl; ozeon.com.pl; piorin.gov.pl; pir.home.pl; podoslonami.pl; polskawies24.pl; polskialarmsmogowy.pl; polskierolnictwo.pl; polskiesadownictwo.pl; poluje.pl; pomyslnaogrod.pl; poradnikogrodniczy.pl; portalhodowcy.pl; portalwysokichplonow.pl; ppr.pl; przedsiebiorcarolny.pl; przyrodnicze.org; puszcza.tv; pzlow.pl; raportrolny.com; recykling.pl; rolnictwo. com.pl; rolniczeabc.pl; rolnikinfo.pl; rolnikpolski.pl; rp.pl; sad24.pl; sadinfo.pl; sadnowoczesny.pl; sadownictwo. com.pl; sadyogrody.pl; salamandra.org.pl; sitlid.pl; smoglab.pl; sozosfera.pl; spalarnie-odpadow.pl; sprh.pl; srodowisko.pl; strefaagro.pl; swiatoze.pl; swiatrolnika.info; swietodrzewa.pl; targilesne.pl; teraz-srodowisko.pl; tpl.org.pl; traktory.info.pl; tvagro.pl; twojapogoda.pl; tygodnik-rolniczy.pl; tylkoprzyroda.pl; uprawypolowe.pl; warzywa.pl; warzywaiowoce.pl; warzywapolowe.pl; werandacountry.pl; wiescirolnicze.pl; wiz.pl; wlaczoszcze dzanie.pl; wody.gov.pl; wprost.pl; wspolnytrakt.pl; wwf.pl; wymarzonyogrod.pl; zagoramizalasami.org; zagroda nowa.pl; zakochaniwkwiatach.pl; zepak.com.pl; zielonagospodarka.pl; zielonasiec.pl; zielonewiadomosci.pl; zielonewydarzenia.pl; zielonyogrodek.pl; zlpwrp.pl; zpppn.pl; zycierolnika.pl- 2023-06-09
Fantazje o byciu podawaną z rąk do rąk. Transkobiece marzenia o uprzedmiotowieniu jako mechanizm produkcji płci
This article is an attempt at the analysis of the relationship between trans feminine fantasies of extreme, sadomasochistic objectification in sexual relations, and social means of the production of gender. Using mixed methods (literary ana-lysis, autotheory, and feminist critique) it situates the problem of sadomasochism and trans femininity within the context of patriarchal gender norms, but also within the context of the desire to embody these norms as a form of a gender affirmation. Rejecting trans-exclusionary proposals, it suggests the possibility to understand the trans feminine romance with objectification as an intentional strategy for seizing the means of the production of gender. However, to understand those strategies, one must look beyond frameworks which portray agency as being founded on a com-plete exclusion of submissiveness.
