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- 2025-07-30
Legal reading: the effective teaching of legal skills in the civil law system (part I) – findings from the Polish empirical study
This article is the first in a series on teaching legal reading in the Polish continental legal system. It presents research on first-year law students in Poland who participated in the first legal reading skills classes in the history of Polish legal education. The study aimed to assess the necessity of teaching legal skills in Poland and the effectiveness of the methods used. The research employed mixed methods, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative questions. Findings showed that the course was positively received by students, who valued the innovative approach and the instructors’ expertise. The data supports the idea that learning through observation, imitation and interaction within a supportive educational environment is highly effective. The study concludes that the course’s novel and innovative methods significantly enhanced student engagement. The educational environment created by the instructors was crucial to this success. The course’s continuation at SWPS University’s School of Law since 2017 demonstrates its tangible benefits. The popularity and positive outcomes highlight the need - 2026-02-26
Reduced Readiness for Social Interaction as a Strategy for Pathogen Avoidance by Women in Various Stages of Pregnancy and Postpartum
The Behavioral Immune System (BIS) drives disgust-based avoidance, but its response to immunological changes during pregnancy is understudied. The Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis (CPH) predicts heightened disease-avoidant social behavior in early pregnancy due to immunosuppression. We examined whether first-trimester women show reduced willingness to engage with outgroup members or individuals displaying infection signs compared to later pregnancy stages and postpartum. We also assessed moderation by perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) and perceived COVID-19 threat. Data were collected in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic via online surveys in two studies. In the cross-sectional Study 1 (N = 425, age 18–46, M = 29.64, SD = 5.37), pregnant participants at different stages of pregnancy assessed their willingness to engage in social contact with individuals displaying or not displaying infection cues shown in photographs, and then completed measures of PVD and Perceived Threat of COVID-19. The longitudinal Study 2 (N = 112, age 22–41, M = 30.14, SD = 4.05) employed the same procedure, administered four times—during the first, second, and third trimesters, and postpartum. Findings did not support CPH. Social avoidance was unrelated to the pregnancy stage but significantly associated with PVD and COVID-19 threat. Results underscore the situational and individual flexibility of BIS responses. - 2025-11-07
Think Smooth and Pink: The Role of Skin Color and Texture in Caucasian Female Genital aesthetics
Background: Female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) is increasingly popular; yet, research has largely focused on labia size while neglecting the estrogen-related color and quality of genital skin. Evidence from facial attractiveness studies and comparative primatology suggests that genital skin perfusion and smoothness may contribute to perceived attractiveness. Objectives: We investigated whether vulvar skin perfusion and smoothness predict perceived genital attractiveness and compared its impact with that of labia size and volume. Methods: A standardized image database of 1080 vulvar images from healthy women was analyzed for morphometric and colorimetric features. Representative images (n = 360) were digitally manipulated to vary skin perfusion (measured as a* value). Attractiveness judgments were obtained from 159 Polish adults (45 men, 114 women; mean age = 26.7) in 40,991 forced-choice paired comparisons. Bradley–Terry models estimated latent attractiveness scores. Analyses of covariance tested chromatic manipulations, and hierarchical regression identified predictors across colorimetric, morphological, and demographic factors. Results: Enhanced vulvar skin perfusion significantly increased attractiveness relative to natural and reduced skin perfusion (P < .001, ηp² = .17). The regression models explained 59% of the variance. Positive predictors included skin redness, greater apparent labia majora volume, and smooth skin texture. The negative predictors were increased labia minora visibility, skin wrinkling/atrophy, presence of a supralabial crease, lower skin lightness, greater skin yellowness, and model age. Conclusions: Perceived genital attractiveness is shaped by both chromatic and morphological features, with vulvar skin perfusion and texture emerging as important determinants. These findings suggest that FGCS planning should look beyond labiaplasty alone, incorporating interventions targeting skin color and quality. - 2026-05
Escape Room Pedagogy and Its Role in Design Thinking Education
This paper explores the use of Escape Room pedagogy as an innovative approach to teaching design methods such as design thinking in creative education. It compares various models and frameworks from the fields of design thinking, learning design and Escape Room design and identifies six common characteristics. It argues that Escape Rooms can provide an engaging, immersive and authentic learning experience that fosters problem-solving, collaboration and critical thinking skills. The paper suggests that participating in Escape Rooms can assist students in bridging the practice-theory gap, understanding the complexity of design problems and developing relevant skills and competencies. It calls for further research to test the hypothesis of the similarity between design thinking, educational Escape Rooms and learning design frameworks.
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- 2024-05-24
Psychologia społeczna. Wydanie drugie zaktualizowane
Nowa wersja podręcznika Psychologia społeczna ukazuje się w 14 lat po jego pierwszej edycji. Później było wiele wydań, bo podręcznik zyskał powszechne uznanie wykładowców i studentów. To wydanie jednak zasadniczo różni się od poprzednich. Współautorem został Tomasz Grzyb. W tomie przybyło wiele nowych fragmentów, niektóre kwestie zaktualizowano bądź opatrzono dodatkowymi komentarzami, odwołując się do świeżej literatury. Przede wszystkim zmienił się świat dookoła nas, pojawiły się nowe zjawiska, jak na przykład światowa pandemia COVID-19 i wraz z tym potrzeba odniesienia się do jej psychologicznych konsekwencji, a o wielu zjawiskach, którymi zajmuje się psychologia społeczna wiemy dziś więcej niż kilkanaście lat temu. Nie pozostało to bez wpływu na sam podręcznik – jego nowa, zmodyfikowana i przeredagowana treść lepiej oddaje charakter zmieniającej się, choć ciągle tak samo fascynującej dziedziny, jaką jest psychologia społeczna. Profesorowie Bogdan Wojciszke i Tomasz Grzyb, psychologowie o światowej renomie, napisali podręcznik do psychologii społecznej, jakiego jeszcze w Polsce nie było. Książka obejmuje wszystkie klasyczne zagadnienia składające się na tę dyscyplinę oraz zagadnienia relatywnie nowe, takie jak kwestie różnic płci, nowych mediów, społeczeństwa sieci, miłości i władzy. Napisana jasnym i barwnym językiem skupia się na prawidłowościach rządzących ludzką psychiką i postępowaniem. Pokazuje, w jak fascynujący sposób psychologia społeczna odpowiada na pytanie, kim jest człowiek i na czym polega jego społeczna natura. Wcześniejsze wydania tej książki stały się fundamentem dydaktyki akademickiej na kierunku psychologia. - 2025-08-11
What Puppygirls Know? The (in)Human Pedagogy of a Trans Feminine Style
‘Puppygirls’ is a name for a particular kinky trans feminine lesbian style, rooted in the long history of trans erotic productions, and currently thriving on social media platforms, such as Twitter (now X), Bluesky, or Discord. In this article, I provide an analysis of the style that is rooted in personal immersion in ‘puppygirl culture’. Using several examples of puppygirl media productions, I argue for the possibility of reading the puppygirl style as a critical practice: one that hints at ways of being trans that do rely on the ciscentric understanding of ‘the human’ as their point of reference. In doing so, I show how puppygirl style resonates with theoretical interventions in the field of trans studies offered by scholars such as Susan Stryker and Talia Mae Bettcher. - 2023
Wypalenie rodzicielskie: wprowadzenie do teorii i badań
The aim of the article is to present the concept of parental burnout, which has recently become a topic of interest for researchers. In the article, we review the theoretical concept of parental burnout, present the questionnaires to measure it as well as the research results indicating risk factors and consequences of parental burnout, and the first studies on the effectiveness of psychological interventions to reduce it. This article presents information in a concise, simple and understandable way, providing readers with a quick overview of the theory of parental burnout and the latest research on this phenomenon. - 2024-06
The Big Three Perfectionism Scale: Validation of the Polish Version
The Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS) was created to integrate different aspects of perfectionism, including the newly conceptualized concept of narcissistic perfectionism. The goal of our two studies (N = 1341) was to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the BTPS, supporting the validity and portability of the measure. The studies were conducted among people who had a child, thus contributing to a better understanding of parental perfectionism, one of the key factors influencing parental well-being and a child’s functioning. Our analyses included investigating the structure of the scale, intercorrelations between subscales, reliability, and convergent validity by correlating BTPS scores with other measures of perfectionism and correlates of psychopathology (borderline symptoms) and parental difficulties (parental stress and parental burnout). Results supported the structure of the original BTPS. As predicted, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that items comprising the Polish adaptation of the questionnaire, like the original version, measure three related but specific aspects of perfectionism: rigid perfectionism, self-critical perfectionism, and narcissistic perfectionism. The three dimensions were also found to be specifically related to the difficulties experienced by parents. Further, the Polish version of the BTPS was found to have good internal reliability and validity. Our results from two independent Polish samples suggest that the Polish version of the BTPS is a psychometrically robust measure of perfectionism for assessing the three perfectionism factors.
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