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- 2025-08-04
Personality and Attitudinal Predictors of Match Official Abuse: A Survey of Football Players, Spectators and Coaches
Despite a growing body of research surrounding the prevalence and causes of match official abuse (MOA), past studies have primarily drawn data from interviews and surveys with match officials rather than recruiting players and spectators. The present study addressed this gap by examining the prevalence of MOA and dispositional (attitudinal and personality factors) predictors of its perpetration. An online survey was completed by 358 individuals who had encountered referees through spectating or competing in football matches. The survey aimed to explore the prevalence rates of MOA through the perspective of spectators, players and coaches, as well as examining whether perpetration of MOA was associated with aggression, empathy and normalising attitudes (i.e., acceptance of MOA as a part of football). Findings indicated that self-reported levels of MOA (both perpetrated and observed) were lower than previously reported by match officials. Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated that aggression (anger and hostility) and normalising attitudes predicted the perpetration of verbal abuse. The authors propose the utilisation of targeted awareness campaigns and top-down interventions to address the normalisation of MOA among footballers and fans. Testing Theory of Change in the Policy Lab classroom
Data set consists of three sources: (1) participants’ individual knowledge retention tested in a quiz (n = 143), (2) participants’ individual reflection on positives and negatives of the policy lab experience (n = 141), and (3) scoring of final policy briefs obtained by teams (n = 41).- 2025-10
Children's reaction to unequal norm enforcement: The role of meta-norms in fairness judgments and emotion attributions
Punishment is often perceived as a natural and unavoidable consequence for transgressions, serving to enforce social norms and promote fairness. However, children's understanding of punishment raises intriguing questions about their expectations for consistency and fairness in its application, especially when faced with unequal consequences for similar actions. This study examines children's responses to unequal punishment and the emotions they attribute to characters facing different consequences for identical transgressions. Across two experiments with a total of N = 189 children at 6 to 9 years of age, we investigated how they respond to situations in which individuals receive unequal punishment for the same transgression. Results show that when reasoning about these norm violations, children apply meta-norms–higher-order principles that regulate how norms should be enforced. Specifically, after seeing the teacher's response to the first transgressor, children expected the second transgressor to receive the same consequence—whether punishment or leniency—rather than favoring one treatment over the other. Moreover, children attributed mixed emotions to both punished and unpunished transgressors, suggesting that punishment may serve as a form of emotional relief that alleviates guilt. These results contribute to the understanding of children's complex moral reasoning, including their sensitivity to fairness in norm enforcement and their nuanced emotional attributions in contexts of unequal treatment. - 2025-07-30
Home Numeracy Environment and Counting Skills: A Descriptive Study in Cuban Preschoolers at Age 4 Years
Numerous international studies have reported the importance of the home numeracy environment in promoting early math skills in preschool children; however, there is a lack of research in the Cuban context. The present descriptive study investigated the relationship between counting skills of 100 4-year-old Cuban preschoolers and the influence of formal and informal activities used in the home numeracy environment in Cienfuegos, Cuba. Results indicated that 58% of children were able to identify between five and eight objects on a counting task. Binary logistic regression revealed that maternal education was the only factor that significantly predicted children’s counting abilities. In semi-structured interviews with mothers, it was found that most (68%) used three methods to promote counting skills, including television (informal method), assistance from older siblings, and workbooks (formal method). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that both television and workbooks predicted children’s counting skills. Among mothers who were unaware that their child could count (32%), television was identified as the primary source of how their child learned to count. The analysis of the home numeracy environment of the Cuban families studied revealed the frequent use of formal methods to promote cardinality principles in 4-year-olds. Mother’s education was also found to be a significant predictor of counting skills. The use of informal activities, such as television and mobile phones, was frequent. It is necessary to avoid passive educational methods and to increase the active involvement of adults to promote the development of counting skills. - 2025-06-27
Validation of the weight self-stigma questionnaire in a polish sample: Factor structure and measurement invariance by gender
Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to confirm the factorial structure of the Polish Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) and to test structural validity, internal consistency and measurement invariance of the questionnaire across gender, Body Mass Index (BMI) and other psychological measures. Methods: The sample was recruited from the general Polish population (N = 1055), age 18–55. Participants completed the WSSQ, The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0), Emotional Eating and Restrained Eating subscales from The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 (DASS-21) and sociodemographic survey. Results: The Polish WSSQ showed good overlap with the original structure in the two-factor model (Self-devaluation and Fear of Enacted Stigma). Factor loadings were satisfactory and both subscales showed good internal consistency. The scale demonstrated metric, but not scalar, measurement invariance by gender. The construct validity was confirmed with strong correlations with emotional eating and food addiction. As expected, the WSSQ total score was moderately positively associated with depression and stress severity. The correlations were the weakest for restrained eating and body mass index. Conclusion: The Polish WSSQ is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of weight-related self-stigma among patients with overweight/obesity. Men and women can be compared when examining association of WSSQ with other measures but gender differences on the WSSQ itself should be interpreted with caution. Future studies should further investigate potential gender differences as well as the test-retest reliability and longitudinal invariance.
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- 2024-05-24
Psychologia społeczna. Wydanie drugie zaktualizowane
Nowa wersja podręcznika Psychologia społeczna ukazuje się w 14 lat po jego pierwszej edycji. Później było wiele wydań, bo podręcznik zyskał powszechne uznanie wykładowców i studentów. To wydanie jednak zasadniczo różni się od poprzednich. Współautorem został Tomasz Grzyb. W tomie przybyło wiele nowych fragmentów, niektóre kwestie zaktualizowano bądź opatrzono dodatkowymi komentarzami, odwołując się do świeżej literatury. Przede wszystkim zmienił się świat dookoła nas, pojawiły się nowe zjawiska, jak na przykład światowa pandemia COVID-19 i wraz z tym potrzeba odniesienia się do jej psychologicznych konsekwencji, a o wielu zjawiskach, którymi zajmuje się psychologia społeczna wiemy dziś więcej niż kilkanaście lat temu. Nie pozostało to bez wpływu na sam podręcznik – jego nowa, zmodyfikowana i przeredagowana treść lepiej oddaje charakter zmieniającej się, choć ciągle tak samo fascynującej dziedziny, jaką jest psychologia społeczna. Profesorowie Bogdan Wojciszke i Tomasz Grzyb, psychologowie o światowej renomie, napisali podręcznik do psychologii społecznej, jakiego jeszcze w Polsce nie było. Książka obejmuje wszystkie klasyczne zagadnienia składające się na tę dyscyplinę oraz zagadnienia relatywnie nowe, takie jak kwestie różnic płci, nowych mediów, społeczeństwa sieci, miłości i władzy. Napisana jasnym i barwnym językiem skupia się na prawidłowościach rządzących ludzką psychiką i postępowaniem. Pokazuje, w jak fascynujący sposób psychologia społeczna odpowiada na pytanie, kim jest człowiek i na czym polega jego społeczna natura. Wcześniejsze wydania tej książki stały się fundamentem dydaktyki akademickiej na kierunku psychologia. Rural protest 2012-2022
The database contains occurrences of collective acts of rural protest. It contains a catalogue of all publicly registered rural collective protests events in 2012–2022—a universe. Definition Rural is defined as either 1. occurring within a rural area; or 2. involving rural actors (groups or organizations based in rural communities; or 3. pertaining to issues specific to the countryside, rural life, rural issues, agriculture or the natural environment. “Public” is understood to mean an action which is reported in at least one source. “Collective” is an action undertaken by at least three people. A collective public event is an act of protest if it is undertaken to articulate certain specified demands and is not a routine or legally prescribed behaviour of a social or political organization and whose form deviates from the routinely accepted way of voicing demands. Demands are “articulated” when the participants (whether organized or not) turn to institutions, organizations and enterprises, both public and private, and: express demands addressed at the public. A single protest event may include the activity of several separate groups or organizations. Unit of analysis The unit of analysis combines information derived from a series of articles from all the analysed publications dealing with one particular protest event or with a series of activities which can be defined as a single collective public protest event. Sources The methodology was used to collect information from sectoral (agricultural) and local sources. The sources of information are media which focus their reporting on rural affairs and the countryside. Their content was stored by and commissioned from a specialized company. Full list of queried outlets: aerisfuturo.pl; agri24.pl; agrobiznespark.pl; agrodziennik.pl; agrofakt.pl; agrofoto.pl; agroindustry.pl; agrolok.pl; agropasja.tv; agropolska.pl; agroprofil.pl; agrosukces.pl; agro-technika.pl; akademiarzepaku.pl; arimr.gov.pl; atrexpress.com.pl; bagna.pl; besthunters.pl; bezpluga.pl; biogardena.pl; biuroprasowe.pl; biznes-ogrodniczy.pl; braclowiecka.pl; bronisze.com.pl; carnivores.eu; cenyrolnicze.pl; chronmyklimat.pl; ciee-gda.pl; cire.pl; co valgarden.pl; darzbor24.pl; dinoanimals.pl; dlafarmera.pl; dlaflorystow.pl; dobre-traktory.pl; doplaty.pl; drwal. net.pl; dzienniklesny.pl; dziennikrolniczy.pl; dzikiezycie.pl; ecocafe.eu; ecocafe.pl; ecoekonomia.pl; econews.pl; ecoportal.com.pl; ecopress.pl; e-gospodarkaodpadami.pl; ekodostawcy.pl; ekoedu.com.pl; ekoexpo.pl; ekogroup.info; ekoinfo.pl; ekolas.mtp.pl; ekologia.pl; ekologiawpolsce.pl; ekologo.pl; eko-net.pl; ekonews.com. pl; ekooszczedni.pl; ekopolityka.pl; ekoportal.gov.pl; ekoquchnia.pl; eko-unia.org.pl; eko-uprawy.pl; elpiro.pl; energiapress.pl; e-odpady.com; e-warzywnictwo.pl; fajnyogrod.pl; fakt.pl; fanipogody.pl; floryscipolscy.pl; forest-monitor.com; forum-mleczarskie.org; fresh-market.pl; fundacjamare.pl; gartija.pl; gazeta.pl; gazetalesna. pl; gdos.gov.pl; gospodarz.tv; green-news.pl; greenpolska.com; green-projects.pl; gridw.pl; grupyogrodnicze.pl; ibles.pl; inspekty.pl; instytutoze.pl; i-rolnik.pl; izbamleka.pl; izbarolnicza.pl; kalendarzrolnikow.pl; kfpz.pl; kobietawsadzie.pl; kololesnikow.pl; kowr.gov.pl; krir.pl; laspolski.pl; lasy-prywatne.pl; losyziemi.pl; love lygarden.pl; lowiecpolski.pl; magazynbiomasa.pl; maszynydlafarmera.pl; miastonaplus.pl; min-pan.krakow.pl; moj-ogrodnik.pl; mojpieknyogrod.pl; motofarmer.pl; naszarola.pl; naszaziemia.pl; natgeokids.pl; natura2000. gdos.gov.pl; natura2000.org.pl; naukadlaprzyrody.pl; naukaoklimacie.pl; nawozy.eu; newslink.com.pl; nfosigw. gov.pl; nowoczesnafarma.pl; nowoczesnerolnictwo.info; nowydzialkowiec.pl; odpady.net.pl; ogrodwmiescie.pl; oikos.tv; okiemrolnika.pl; onoze.pl; opryskiwacze.info; otwarteklatki.pl; owk.pl; ozeon.com.pl; piorin.gov.pl; pir.home.pl; podoslonami.pl; polskawies24.pl; polskialarmsmogowy.pl; polskierolnictwo.pl; polskiesadownictwo.pl; poluje.pl; pomyslnaogrod.pl; poradnikogrodniczy.pl; portalhodowcy.pl; portalwysokichplonow.pl; ppr.pl; przedsiebiorcarolny.pl; przyrodnicze.org; puszcza.tv; pzlow.pl; raportrolny.com; recykling.pl; rolnictwo. com.pl; rolniczeabc.pl; rolnikinfo.pl; rolnikpolski.pl; rp.pl; sad24.pl; sadinfo.pl; sadnowoczesny.pl; sadownictwo. com.pl; sadyogrody.pl; salamandra.org.pl; sitlid.pl; smoglab.pl; sozosfera.pl; spalarnie-odpadow.pl; sprh.pl; srodowisko.pl; strefaagro.pl; swiatoze.pl; swiatrolnika.info; swietodrzewa.pl; targilesne.pl; teraz-srodowisko.pl; tpl.org.pl; traktory.info.pl; tvagro.pl; twojapogoda.pl; tygodnik-rolniczy.pl; tylkoprzyroda.pl; uprawypolowe.pl; warzywa.pl; warzywaiowoce.pl; warzywapolowe.pl; werandacountry.pl; wiescirolnicze.pl; wiz.pl; wlaczoszcze dzanie.pl; wody.gov.pl; wprost.pl; wspolnytrakt.pl; wwf.pl; wymarzonyogrod.pl; zagoramizalasami.org; zagroda nowa.pl; zakochaniwkwiatach.pl; zepak.com.pl; zielonagospodarka.pl; zielonasiec.pl; zielonewiadomosci.pl; zielonewydarzenia.pl; zielonyogrodek.pl; zlpwrp.pl; zpppn.pl; zycierolnika.pl- 2023-06-09
Fantazje o byciu podawaną z rąk do rąk. Transkobiece marzenia o uprzedmiotowieniu jako mechanizm produkcji płci
This article is an attempt at the analysis of the relationship between trans feminine fantasies of extreme, sadomasochistic objectification in sexual relations, and social means of the production of gender. Using mixed methods (literary ana-lysis, autotheory, and feminist critique) it situates the problem of sadomasochism and trans femininity within the context of patriarchal gender norms, but also within the context of the desire to embody these norms as a form of a gender affirmation. Rejecting trans-exclusionary proposals, it suggests the possibility to understand the trans feminine romance with objectification as an intentional strategy for seizing the means of the production of gender. However, to understand those strategies, one must look beyond frameworks which portray agency as being founded on a com-plete exclusion of submissiveness. - 2024-02
Mind the Like-Minded. The Role of Social Identity in Prosocial Crowdfunding
Current social challenges have increased the interest in globally spread collective actions, especially those taking place in virtual space. Crowdfunding is one form of online activism that has recently gained importance. Although research conducted so far indicates the significance of social motives among participants of crowdfunding campaigns, knowledge about the psychosocial mechanisms involved in its effectiveness is limited. This article attempts to reinforce the position of crowdfunding as one of the forms of collective action and to expand knowledge about possible psychosocial factors that could shape participation in crowdfunding campaigns. In three pre-registered studies (N = 823), we found that the social identity based on a shared worldview positively correlated with the intention to participate in prosocial crowdfunding. Moreover, the relationship between opinion-based group identity and collective action varied depending on participation type (predicted vs. experienced engagement in a campaign). In other words, when people gather in communities built around shared opinions on a given social issue, they develop a sense of community, which can translate into activities for the benefit of the group such as supporting crowdfunding campaigns. However, in the case of actual behaviour, unlike with the declaration of participation, the strength of the relationship with social identity significantly diminishes. The results are discussed in relation to the theory of collective action. - 2023-10-02
National narcissism in politics and public understanding of science
People seek to belong to groups that they evaluate positively and identify with. A strong ingroup identity is typically thought to bring about positive outcomes for the individuals and for the group. However, when group identity is motivated by frustrated psychological needs, it can manifest as collective narcissism — a belief that one’s group is exceptional and deserves special treatment. Such a defensive ingroup identity is related to a motivated social cognition focused on the enhancement and protection of the ingroup image, even at the expense of ingroup members. In this Review, we consider the implications of differentiating collective narcissism from ingroup identification in the national context, and their different intragroup and intergroup manifestations. We focus on two domains: political attitudes and behaviours as well as the public understanding of science related to health and environmental protection. We outline how concerns for national image enhancement and protection can shape political and social manifestations of national narcissism, such as susceptibility to narratives that enhance the national image, sensitivity to disrespect and suspicion of outgroups, and acceptance of misinformation.