This article examines the key elements of censorship and the contradictions inherent in the academia during a time of crisis in critical thought – a time marked by the resurgence of fascism. It thus proposes an analytical framework for discussing the university stripped of its traditional tools of resistance, operating within a state of political and affective emergency. Such situation of academia is conceivable only within a fascist political project – that is, one grounded in extreme misogyny – wherein the production of knowledge, much like all other forms of power, becomes increasingly subservient to an absolute state authority, understood primarily as the executive branch. Here, misogyny is defined as the treatment of cultural femininity as a resource to be disposed of without restraint by a hegemonic, white, and privileged masculinity – a resource to be exploited, discriminated against, marginalized, and oppressed. Reproductive and care work, tenderness and care, vulnerability, corporeality, sensuality, and irrationality constitute some of the primary elements of this specific conception of “femininity” – elements that fascist culture exploits within colonized and racialized individuals and groups, as well as among women, queer people, and persons with disabilities. Within such cultural realities, the university evolves into not merely a disseminator of knowledge dominated by male hegemony, but also a workplace and a cultural hub that actively reproduces misogynic behaviors. Censorship and contradictions of such a University constitute the central subject of this article; furthermore, the concepts of fascism and neoliberalism – which, partly due to the multifaceted crisis of critical thought, have today devolved into mere “bad abstractions” – are here imbued with what is, hopefully, a truly critical substance. From this perspective, the (ir)rationality of the academia is seen – in accordance with the project of Adorno and Horkheimer – as the return of a nationalist-imperial myth; however, misogyny is treated – unlike in the work of those authors – as the center, rather than the margin, of this return of fascism in neoliberal times, which serves to paralyze the university.
Introduction: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic respiratory illnesses frequently accompanied by anxiety and depression. These psychological symptoms often go undetected due to their overlap with somatic complaints. According to the regulatory theory of temperament (RTT), biologically based temperament traits may influence emotional responses to chronic illness. This study examined whether RTT-defined temperament traits predict depression and anxiety severity in patients with asthma and/or COPD.
Material and Methods: The study included 210 adult patients with asthma and/or COPD recruited from a university hospital and pulmonology clinics. Individuals with a prior history of mental illness were excluded. Participants completed three validated questionnaires: the Formal Characteristics of Behavior–Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Additional demographic and clinical data were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the predictive value of six temperament traits for depression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. A significance threshold of α = 0.05 was used in all statistical tests.
Results: Temperament structure significantly predicted all three mental health outcomes: depression (R2 = 0.37), state anxiety (R2 = 0.45), and trait anxiety (R2 = 0.35). Briskness negatively correlated with all outcomes, while emotional reactivity showed a positive correlation. No significant associations were found for the remaining four traits. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were not significant predictors.
Conclusions: Temperament traits, particularly briskness and emotional reactivity, significantly influence depression and anxiety severity in asthma and COPD. Temperament assessment may serve as a low-cost, telemedicine-compatible tool to identify at-risk patients and support integrated, personalized care.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between individual temperament traits among patients with chronic respiratory diseases and the risk of developing symptoms of anxiety and depression in an adult population.
Material and methods: A total of 150 subjects (72 women and 78 men) were enrolled in the study after obtaining their informed written consent. The age of the women in the study was 50.35 ± 15.84 and the mean age of the men was 52.14 ± 18.39 years. Patients were suffering from asthma and/or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The study used a diagnostic survey method utilizing 3 questionnaires. The Formal Behavioural Characteristics Temperament Questionnaire (FCZ-KT), allowed the individual severity of temperament traits to be determined. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, while the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire measured anxiety as a state and trait.
Results: The results indicate that, of the temperament traits studied, briskness and emotional reactivity are significant for the development of depressive symptoms. High levels of emotional reactivity are a risk factor for the development of depression and anxiety, while high crankiness is a protective factor reducing the risk of developing depression and anxiety.
Conclusions: The results presented here show the potential of temperament trait analysis in patients with chronic respiratory diseases in the early diagnosis and prevention of depressive disorders allowing for better control and effectiveness of treatment of chronic somatic conditions.
