The commentary applies to the judgment of 13 November 2025, 6030/21, A.R. v Poland, in which the European Court of Human Rights re-interpreted provisions of national law in the context of the standards of protection of the individual’s rights under Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms signed in Rome on 4 November 1950, as amended by Protocols Nos. 3, 5 and 8, supplemented by Protocol No. 2. Legal issues identified in the case, especially with respect to the state’s obligations to the individual and the limits of interference with that individual’s rights and freedoms, form the background for assessing consequences of the Constitutional Court’s judgment of 22 October 2020, K 1/20, including with regard to defects of the status of the Polish Constitutional Court. It should be concluded that this judgment, like the previous ECtHR judgment of 14 December 2023, 40119/21, M.L. v Poland, is of particular significance to the interpretation of Polish legal regulations and, above all, judicial practice. It is also important from the point of view of the protection of the individual’s right to a trial in court, in particular taking into account the delayed publication of the judgment with respect to the date of its public announcement. Therefore, judgment 6030/21, A.R., follows the line of ECtHR judgments in Polish abortion law cases, but also draws attention to the effects of judgment K 1/20 in the context of the protection of the individual’s right to a trial in court.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
This systematic review examined how differences in intervention components may contribute to inconsistent findings in genetic risk communication studies, addressing obesity-related outcomes (e.g., weight reduction, nutrition behavior, exercise). The review was preregistered (PROSPERO #CRD42024524026) and followed PRISMA guidelines. Searches across eight databases identified 23 randomized controlled trials, covering 18 intervention trials. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. A narrative synthesis was used to cluster studies by the content of intervention and control groups. Genetic risk communication alone (no behavioral counseling, addressing nutrition and exercise) or combined with phenotype-based risk was ineffective and sometimes counterproductive among low-risk individuals. When combined with personalized behavioral counseling, effectiveness improved, but only when compared to waitlist control groups or non-personalized behavioral counseling. Significant effects emerged in high–genetic risk subgroups within personalized behavioral counseling, using behavior change techniques such as problem-solving, feedback on behavior, self-monitoring, and environmental changes. The most promising results emerged from complex interventions integrating genetic risk communication into multiple sessions and combining numerous additional behavioral change techniques, such as social reward, cues/prompts, self-reward. Complex personalized interventions combining multiple behavior change techniques and prompting experiential genetic risk awareness show promise for improving weight, nutrition, and exercise-related outcomes.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
The purpose of this study was to assess the severity of parental burnout among parents of children with disabilities and chronic illness. It was hypothesized that parents of children with disabilites/ilnesses would be characterized by higher levels of parental burnout and that their child’s disability and chronic illness would moderate the relationship of parental burnout with sociodemographic factors. The study was conducted with 254 parents (Mage = 35.37; SDage = 5.80) with children aged from 1 month to 35 years, 22% of whom had a child with a disability or chronic illness. The Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) questionnaire was used to verify the research hypotheses. The correlation analyses conducted showed that parents of children with disabilities had higher levels of parental burnout, and as the degree of constraints related to the child’s difficulties increased, the level of parental burnout increased. The results of moderation analyses showed that the relationship between the number of children and parental burnout was statistically significant. Similar relationships were not found concerning the relationship of parental burnout and having a child under five or the gender of the parent. The study indicates that there are relationships between having a child with a disability or chronic illness, the degree of their impairment, and parental burnout.
This study aims to examine the link of trait anxiety on relational aggression, with the presence of cognitive emotion regulation as a moderator. We measure the anxiety as a trait as a predictor for displaying aggressive behaviours. Moreover, the influence of individual maladaptive strategies was assessed using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire on the level of relational aggression. The study involved 169 participants; in terms of sexual orientation, the respondents were divided nearly equally: heterosexual (n = 85), and LGBTQI group (n = 84). The data were collected through online surveys and paper methods. The eligibility criteria for participation included being an adult (age ≥ 18) and having been in at least one romantic relationship in the past and/or currently. The analysis results revealed that cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between trait anxiety and relational aggression. Individuals with higher levels of trait anxiety and maladaptive strategies demonstrated significantly higher levels of relational aggression. An analysis of group differences showed that mean of relational aggression towards a romantic partner was higher in the non-heterosexual group. Additionally, the mean use of maladaptive strategies was higher in the non-heterosexual group, while the average use of adaptive strategies was higher in the heterosexual group. The primary goal of this study was to examine whether cognitive emotion plays a mediating role in the relationship between trait anxiety and relational aggression in heterosexual group and members of the LGBTQI group, as the literature explores these links separately. The key aspect was to determine whether a filter in the form of a range of adaptive and maladaptive strategies influenced the occurrence of relational aggression among individuals high on trait anxiety.
