In three studies (N = 765), we validated the Polish version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire–2 (MFQ-2) and examined its associations with moral judgments in sacrificial dilemmas. The six-factor structure of the MFQ-2 demonstrated acceptable model fit, internal consistency, and predictive validity. Religiosity and endorsement of conservative world-views were most strongly positively related with binding moral foundations (loyalty, authority and purity moral foundations). Together with proportionality, the binding moral foundations were positively related to socially conservative attitudes, while care and equality were positively associated with support for the welfare state. Proportionality, loyalty, and purity were positively related to acceptance of utilitarian actions in sacrificial dilemmas. Only proportionality was associated with the belief that medical doctors have a greater potential than workers to save lives, supporting the distinction between proportionality and equality as separate moral foundations. These findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive approaches in moral psychology and highlight the distinct role of proportionality in utilitarian moral judgment.
Daydreaming is a prevalent type of cognitive activity, in which the content of one’s thoughts is unrelated to the current task. The Daydreaming Frequency Scale (DDFS) was the first questionnaire devised to measure the occurrence of daydreaming and remains widely used for this purpose today.
We report on three studies validating the Polish version of the DDFS. Study 1 (n=385) examines its factor validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity (tested by computing correlations with the scores of other questionnaires measuring similar phenomena and known consequences of daydreaming). Study 2 (n=1301) confirms the factor structure established in Study 1 and provides additional test–retest analyses conducted over a three-month interval. Study 3 (n=214) tests the link between the trait-level DDFS score and daily occurrence of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) and the degree of everyday control over such thoughts, using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
During the factor validity analysis, we tested the possibility of implementing a two-factor structure solution; however, after careful consideration, the original one-factor structure was retained. The Polish DDFS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s a = .92). The results of the correlation-based criterion validity testing were also satisfactory. The findings of Study 3 suggest that DDFS score is positively related to actual daily TUTs occurrence and negatively related to daily thought control, further supporting the good criterion validity of the questionnaire.
This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the acculturation process within Polish, opposite sex, nuclear families residing in Spain. Havighurst’s developmental goals associated with life stages, the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM), and the theory of family loyalties provided a theoretical framework for a qualitative multiple case study. The research involved 19 families of Polish or partially Polish origin (with 44 participants in total: 23 second and “1.5 generation” children aged 10–18, 19 mothers, and two fathers). Data collection methods included semi-structured individual interviews and participatory observation. The data analysis utilized Template Analysis, which is an approach rooted in interpretative phenomenological analysis, using the theoretical frame (template) in this case devised on the life areas outlined in the RAEM. According to mothers' retrospective narratives about their migration experience, the developmental stage they were in at the time of arrival played a significant role in the acculturation process for Polish mothers. The findings also suggest that adolescents, especially those from the second generation of migrants, encounter a significant acculturation gap while managing developmental tasks linked to achieving autonomy, while experiencing a strong sense of family loyalty. Such results hold potential significance for informing therapeutic interventions aimed at supporting immigrant families.
The chapter presents the scientific achievements of Dariusz Dolinski, a prominent and internationally recognized social psychologist from Poland, known for his experimental research approach and diverse interests. The authors highlight his contributions to the fields of social influence, advertising, defensive behaviors, and psychological education. Dolinski’s works, including Psychology of Social Influence, Obedient to the Point of Pain, and Defensive Orientation, have significantly enhanced the understanding of human behavior and motivation. His experimental approach, often conducted in real-world settings, allows for the exploration of the mechanisms underlying behaviors such as compliance, obedience, and self-esteem defense. The article emphasizes Dolinski's ethical research approach and his commitment to balancing scientific rigor with social responsibility. His work enriches psychological knowledge and encourages deeper contemplation of the human condition in the modern world.
Objectives
Individual planning techniques are frequent intervention components in physical activity (PA) promotion, but it remains underdetermined whether interpersonal regulatory efforts such as dyadic planning contribute to their success. This study examines individual planning and dyadic planning as predictors of PA in persons with pre-obesity and obesity who seek outpatient treatment for intended weight loss.
Design
Intensive-longitudinal design with 8-day daily diaries.
Methods
One hundred and twenty-seven persons with pre-obesity or obesity who consulted an outpatient endocrinology clinic took part in a correlational 8-day daily diary study. This secondary analysis used multilevel models to explain daily self-reported PA. Planning categories (no planning; dyadic planning only; both individual and dyadic planning; reference category: individual planning only) were created and entered as same-day predictors.
Results
On days with no planning, participants reported being less physically active than on days with individual planning only. While dyadic planning only did not emerge as a unique predictor of daily PA, participants were more physically active than usual when they planned both individually and dyadically as compared to planning individually only. No significant planning–PA associations emerged at the between-person level.
Discussion
Consistent with scant previous research, we found dyadic planning to be mainly a complementary strategy to individual planning. Day-to-day individual planning together with dyadic planning was linked to more PA than individual planning alone. Our findings indicate that including planning partners in PA promotion for individuals with pre-obesity and obesity intending weight loss may be promising.
