The point of departure for the analysis of the response to the Black Lives Matter movement in Poland will be a photograph taken by Rafał Milach, an artist whose practice concentrates on exploring history and political-social transformation, in June 2020 at a solidarity protest outside the US embassy in Warsaw, one of many pandemic-time protests against police brutality towards Black communities, spurred by the killing of George Floyd. The chapter tracks the multidirectional history of this image: looking at the instances of anti-Jewish and anti-Black racist violence and its heritage in Polish landscape, language, and imagery, at the responses of the Council for the Polish Language, artists, and art institutions, as well as various forms of online activism and traditional media reception of and participation in the debate on Polish contemporary and historical racisms.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweMonografia (zamknięty dostęp)Monograph Chapter
Background: Supporting young employees as they navigate the changing workplace requires focus on personal resources. Although self-efficacy is a key and malleable resource, its context specificity limits its applicability. To address this, we propose to target meta self-efficacy, a construct reflecting an individual’s ability to leverage self-efficacy sources (mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, persuasion, and affective and physiological states) to build self-efficacy specific to any challenge and, in turn, safeguard their occupational health.
Objective: The goal of this study is to co-create (co-creation phase) and verify the efficacy (randomized controlled trial [RCT] phase) of an internet intervention enhancing meta self-efficacy to support the occupational health of young employees.
Methods: The co-creation phase will be based on the participatory approach principle and comprise 4 focus groups, where a total of 24 participants will contribute to meta self-efficacy–enhancing activities and identify needs for the intervention format. After each focus group, a preliminary qualitative analysis will be conducted, and the intervention draft will be refined. To detect an effect size of d=0.25, the RCT will use a 2-arm parallel design with a total sample size of 600 comparing the meta self-efficacy intervention against a placebo. Assessments will be conducted at the posttest time point and 3- and 6-month follow-ups, with work self-efficacy as the primary outcome and job stress, job affective well-being, and work capabilities as secondary outcomes, as well as meta self-efficacy as the manipulation check. Data will be analyzed using linear mixed-effects models following the intention-to-treat approach. The trial will also examine the impact of adherence and engagement on intervention outcomes and compare treatment credibility.
Results: As of November 20, 2025, a total of 24 participants have been recruited, with 3 of 4 focus groups conducted and the final one to be completed by the end of 2025. RCT recruitment is scheduled to start at the beginning of 2026, with the last follow-up expected by the end of 2026.
Conclusions: In comparison to the placebo control, we expect the intervention to significantly improve young employees’ work self-efficacy (primary outcome) and occupational well-being (secondary outcomes). If effective, the meta self-efficacy–enhancing intervention could bolster the ability to cope with various challenges in the health domain and beyond, extending the effect beyond the initial occupational context
Despite the existing regulations allowing the imposition of a financial sanction on persons who do not comply with their obligation to pursue the agreed child contact arrangements, cases in which judgments or settlements are not enforced attract attention. This paper brings together
proposed solutions to increase the effectiveness of the enforcement of child contact decisions and presents the summary results of a study conducted between June and November 2024. The study consisted of two parts (survey and examination of the files). The aim of the first part of
the study was to establish the frequency with which and the reasons for which a child is placed in foster care when contact arrangements are not upheld despite the issuance of a relevant payment order (Article 598 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The aim of the second part was:
to determine whether the courts verify the financial status of a person who does not fulfil, unduly fulfils, or violates the obligations arising from a judgment or settlement concluded before the court or mediator pertaining to child contact arrangements; to examine what amounts the
courts consider to set in a payment order and actually order to pay in a relevant payment order; and to attempt to relate the amount ordered as payable with the financial status of the parents as well as the amount of payable child support.
The Ministry of Justice has published a draft bill introducing extrajudicial divorce. There are also plans to introduce the possibility of annulling an extrajudicial divorce. In certain cases, either spouse will be able to request the annulment of an out-of-court divorce. The purpose of this article is to present the procedure for annulling an out-of-court divorce, taking into account both substantive and procedural aspects. In addition, the grounds for annulment of divorce are assessed. The procedure for annulment of divorce is necessary due to the possibility of potential irregularities. The conclusions indicate that the drafters have therefore rightly decided to regulate it. Some doubts may arise regarding the introduction of an additional ground for annulment of divorce, namely the welfare of the family as an argument for the continuation of the marriage, as well as the interpretation of this ground.
What is the effect of affective polarization on vote satisfaction? Previous studies have investigated various consequences of affective polarization, such as support of democratic norms, democratic backsliding, voting turnout, or ideological radicalization. However, the impact of affective polarization on attitudes toward democracy is limited to the acceptance of democratic norms rather than overall satisfaction with the system. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between affective polarization and satisfaction with democracy. I propose that
moderately polarized people are more likely to be satisfied with democracy than those who have low and high levels of affective polarization. However, I expect that this relationship is contingent on voting for the governing party. To test this, this paper relies on the CSES survey data from 24 European countries. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effect of affective polarization on democratic attitudes.
