The present systematic review synthesizes the findings of 31 studies that employ the eye-tracking method to investigate visual attention in the context of climate communication. The review clustered the studies into six thematic categories related to the concepts explored: message types, attentional biases, visualizations, consumer packaging, expert systems, and climate-related art. Although fixation-based metrics are widely used, the field underutilizes advanced gaze analyses and overlooks some methodological details, such as sampling rates and calibration protocol, when presenting the eye-tracking method. Most of the studies focused on Western populations, limiting global applicability. This review highlights the potential of eye tracking to improve climate communication and calls for more diverse and methodologically robust research.
The current study provides a comprehensive assessment of emotional intimate partner violence (EIPV) among a representative sample of young adults (aged 18-29 years) in Poland
(N = 2705; 53.4% female). We found that 80% of the sample were victimized and perpetrated offline EIPV more than twice in their lifetime. Online EIPV affected 40% of participants
more than twice in the lifetime. Offline and online EIPV as well as EIPV victimization and perpetration behaviors tended to co-occur. The perpetrator-victim phenomenon was
confirmed by the results of the latent profile analysis (LPA), which uncovered three latent groups characterized by perpetration-victimization co-occurrence.
Prior research has been limited in examining emotional intimate partner violence (EIPV) related attitudes and cognitions. To address these research gaps, the current study aimed to build a better understanding of EIPV recognition and myth acceptance. Firstly, we developed and investigated reliability and factor structure, including factorial invariance for sex groups, of the Emotional Intimate Partner Violence Recognition (EIPV-R) Scale and the Emotional Intimate Partner Violence Myth Acceptance (EIPV-MA) Scale. Secondly, we explored associations between EIPV-R and EIPV-MA scores and external criteria. Study participants were a representative sample of young adults (aged 18-29 years) in Poland (N = 2705; 53.4% female). EIPV-R and EIPV-MA demonstrated strong psychometric properties and factorial invariance across sex. Both instruments were also found to be multidimensional, with five factors best capturing the EIPV-R scores (emotional withholding, controlling behavior, dominance and intimidation, severe threatening behavior, denigration) and three factors best capturing the EIPV-MA scores (romanticization of abuse, victim blaming, constrained perception of emotional abuse). Further analyses revealed than men are more likely to endorse rape myths and have more difficulties recognizing EIPV than women. Individuals who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV positive) scored significantly lower than IPV negative participants on total EIPV-R as well as on three subscales (controlling behavior, dominance and intimidation, denigration). However, IPV positive individuals scored higher on the severe threatening behavior subscale, which may be because the ability to identify overtly dangerous acts is vital for safety and survival. The current research findings can be used to build effective interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of EIPV.
Japan and Poland were among the countries which in 2022 provided financial aid to Ukraine, while putting sanctions on Russia in order to consolidate the alliance of those opposing the aggression. Within a few days after the Russian aggression on Ukraine, both the Japanese institutions
and individual entrepreneurs decided to provide aid to refugees. Poland has become one of the key partners to the Japanese donors in delivering assistance to the displaced people. In this paper, we have applied multilevel governance (MLG) theory to analyze the management of international aid flow, operated by both governmental and non-governmental actors. High- profile examples of cooperation among initiatives for refugees in the first year of the Russo-Ukrainian war were examined, highlighting international networks of civil society partly supported by the state: NGOs, religious charities, small business entities and cultural institutions, and demonstrating the success of MLG in short-term crisis management.
Although territorial communities had already been established in the form of communes and departments in France during the Third Republic, which constituted a significant departure from the classic Napoleonic centralist model, the 1982 Act on the Rights and Freedoms of Communes, Departments and Regions is generally considered the start of the systemic process of territorial decentralization. This act initiated a fundamental change in the model of relations between the state and territorial communities and granted regions the status of territorial communities, having previously only operated only within the framework of the deconcentration of state administration. The key difference from the previous situation, often referred to as semi-decentralization, was the replacement of the preventive 'tutelage' (tutelle) that was previously exercised by prefects, even with regard to the expediency of activities, with subsequent administrative control. This control is based on the ability to contest acts of territorial community bodies in administrative courts without previously interfering with their activities. French self-government legislation developed through three successive stages of decentralization, namely in 1982-1986, 2003-2004 and 2010-2019. The second stage was initiated by an amendment to the constitution which specified the organization of the French Republic as being decentralized. However, the third stage is sometimes criticized as an inconsistent attempt to reform earlier solutions. Despite announcements, the 2022 Act on Differentiation, Decentralization, Deconcentration and Simplification (the so-called 3DS Law) did not initiate the new, expected stage of decentralization. The objective of this article is not to systematically present successive 'acts' of decentralization, but focuses on identifying the main problems and directions of development of French self-government legislation, which is being increasingly criticized. The analysis encompasses decentralization in the European part of the French Republic and ignores the specific system in Paris. (original abstract).
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
