Emotional competence (EC) encompasses a range of skills used to manage one's own emotions (intrapersonal EC) and to understand and respond to others' emotions (interpersonal EC). How do these theoretically distinct dimensions of EC relate to adaptive functioning? The present research reports three large-scale studies (N total = 2508 adults) using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Our findings largely replicate previous research while extending it across a large community sample and multiple analytic approaches, suggesting that the distinction between intrapersonal and interpersonal EC remains a plausible and statistically supported framework for conceptualizing EC. Intrapersonal EC was consistently associated with indicators of personal adaptive functioning (e.g., emotion regulation, life satisfaction, subjective health, happiness, fewer depressive symptoms), whereas interpersonal EC showed more selective associations, particularly with relational outcomes such as satisfaction with relationship status. Loneliness was concurrently associated with both dimensions. Longitudinally, intrapersonal EC was prospectively associated with subsequent emotion regulation strategies and happiness. Overall, the findings suggest that intra- and interpersonal EC represent distinct yet complementary emotional resources that are differentially associated with personal and relational adaptation, refining theoretical models of EC and informing interventions to promote well-being and relational adjustment.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
General Practice is where most antibiotics are prescribed, yet a concerning trend has been observed – higher prescribing/use of antibiotics in socio-economically deprived settings. We aimed to critically interrogate the literature by exploring if prescribing/use of antibiotics throughout United Kingdom general practices is associated with deprivation, and if so, how. Five databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index and Scopus) were searched. From 1464 gathered papers, 23 were included. 21 identified an association between deprivation and antibiotic prescribing/use and two papers found no association. From the 21, 15 utilized prescribing data, with 12 of these showing that as deprivation increased, so did prescribing, and three papers finding the opposite trend. Of the remaining 6 papers, four studies utilizing self-reported data identified a perceived risk of increased prescribing among socioeconomically deprived patients and two papers identified mixed results. Author interpretations of the relationship between antibiotic prescribing/use and deprivation considered overlapping clinical and social factors, which we then used to support our final synthesizing argument – observed prescribing variation is linked to inequalities and could be conceptualized as a form of “structural violence.” Research is needed to establish how structural inequalities shape the prescribing/use dynamic within these vulnerable communities.
This commentary responds to a recently published comprehensive framework for integrating mindfulness into global public health by evaluating its application to war-affected populations, with primary focus on the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war and Ukrainian populations. While Oman’s framework provides a valuable foundation for the integration of mindfulness within public health systems, we argue that it requires further development to adequately address the complex needs of combat veterans, volunteers, and civilians experiencing ongoing warfare. Drawing on recent developments in posttraumatic growth research and cognitive behavioral therapy, we propose enhancements to mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) that incorporate interpersonal emotional connections called "attraction relationships"-encompassing companionship, friendship, romantic bonds, and family ties and nature-based activation as critical components. We further identify limitations of existing assessment tools and outline directions for culturally adapted interventions that more accurately reflect the lived realities of war in Ukrainian contexts. This commentary expands Oman’s framework by integrating interpersonal and environmental dimensions into trauma recovery. We identify “attraction relationships” as a significant socio-attentional environment (Axis A8) and a crucial meso-level structure (Axis A7). We argue that for war-affected populations, the restorative environment is no longer solely physical but may also be conditioned by interpersonal bonds that provide the social-ecological foundation for religious and spiritual factors (Axis A12) that foster posttraumatic growth.
While extensive research has examined the consequences of objectification in specific contexts (e.g., sexual or workplace settings), little is known about how interpersonal personal relationship is related to objectification. Similarly, although attachment theory explains relational patterns, its connection to interpersonal objectification—particularly via socio-cognitive processes like Theory of Mind (ToM) and empathy—remains largely unexplored. This study addresses these gaps by investigating the relationship between attachment insecurity and objectification of others via ToM and empathy. In three well-powered studies conducted in Poland, the UK, and Italy (N = 1222) we found a consistent relationship between attachment avoidance and interpersonal objectification, i.e., the higher the level of attachment avoidance, the higher the tendency to objectify others. Crucially, this relationship was accounted for by levels of ToM (Study 2 & 3) and empathy (Study 3). We discuss the implications of these findings for the literature on attachment styles and objectification, and the importance of integrating these findings into broader models of social and personality psychology.
