Social media platforms help activists to share their perspectives. However, there is concern that amplified content (e.g., moral outrage) may limit collective action. We studied how online petitions on www.change.org were shared and signed. Analyzing posts on X (n = 1,286,442) with URLs to petitions (n = 24,785) revealed that expressions of moral outrage were uniquely associated with the number of times posts were liked and reposted (virality). Mediation analyses showed that outrage was indirectly related to the number of signatures petitions received (via virality). However, outrage was associated with fewer signatures when controlling for virality. In contrast, expressions of agency, group identity, and prosociality were associated with more signatures but no more virality. The findings outline the factors linked to engagement with online petitions and describe how social media can amplify content which has no direct link to the sorts of effortful behaviours which are conducive to social change.
Background
Trauma experienced across the lifespan has been linked to a wide range of adverse mental health outcomes. However, the psychological mechanisms connecting betrayal trauma to later psychopathology remain insufficiently understood.
Objective
This cross-sectional study investigated associations between betrayal trauma during childhood and adulthood and adult psychopathology—specifically depressive symptoms and level of personality functioning within a dimensional model of personality disorders. We tested a path model examining direct and indirect associations between betrayal trauma at different developmental periods and adult psychopathology via dissociation and hypomentalizing.
Participants
A sample of 209 adults (61% female; aged 18–45 years; M = 29.7, SD = 7.88) were recruited from community and clinical settings in Poland.
Methods
Participants completed validated self-report measures assessing betrayal trauma, depressive symptoms, personality functioning (ICD-11 model), dissociation, and mentalizing. Path analyses with parallel mediation were conducted using SatorraBentler estimation and 5,000 bootstrap resamples to examine both direct and indirect associations.
Results
Both childhood and adulthood betrayal trauma were significantly associated with depressive symptoms and PD severity through dissociation and hypomentalizing [χ²(6) = 13.68, p = .033; CFI = 0.989; TLI = 0.931; RMSEA = 0.078; SRMR = 0.038]. No significant direct effects were observed once psychological processes were included. Mentalizing consistently demonstrated a stronger indirect association than dissociation across models. Adulthood betrayal trauma showed a greater total effect on depressive symptoms (β = .30; p < .001) than childhood trauma (β = .17; p = .043), whereas their effects on personality pathology were comparable (respectively, β = .21; p = .006 for adult trauma and β = .22; p = .008 for childhood trauma). For adulthood trauma and PD severity, the direct association was small and non-significant (β = −.06), whereas indirect effects via dissociation (β = .11) and mentalizing (β = .16) were positive, resulting in a positive total effect.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that the link between betrayal trauma and adult psychopathology may be best conceptualised in terms of co-occurring psychological processes rather than direct exposure effects. Hypomentalizing, in particular, appears to represent a key transdiagnostic mechanism connecting relational trauma across developmental stages with both mood and personality pathology.
his paper introduces a novel methodological framework for measuring variability in local policy implementation using the concept of “policy noise.” While local authorities’ discretion in implementing national policies is widely recognized as both a potential source of innovation and a challenge for policy coordination, the field lacks systematic tools for quantifying this variation. We address this gap by developing a set-theory-based measurement approach that enables systematic comparison of local policy implementation across structurally equivalent administrative units. The methodology captures variation across three dimensions: agenda-setting, types of solutions implemented, and resource allocation. Designed to be descriptive rather than prescriptive, this approach provides a foundation for empirical analysis without imposing normative judgments about optimal levels of variation. Although we demonstrate the methodology through an analysis of Polish municipalities’ responses to Ukrainian refugee education needs in 2022, the framework is applicable across policy domains – including health, environment, and social services – in which local authorities exercise implementation discretion within centrally-established parameters. This measurement approach offers researchers a new tool for investigating the dynamics of local policy implementation, enabling systematic study of the relationships between institutional arrangements, implementation variation, and policy outcomes.
Monografia zbiorowa dedykowana prof. Piotrowi Krasnemu zawiera 35 studiów autorstwa przyjaciół i uczniów profesora poświęconych teorii i historii sztuki, architekturze, malarstwu, rzeźbie i rzemiosłu. Ponadto w książce znajduje się omówienie sylwetki oraz dorobku naukowego i dydaktycznego Jubilata wraz z zestawioną bibliografią publikacji oraz prac dyplomowych napisanych pod jego kierunkiem.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweMonografia (zamknięty dostęp)Monography edition
