This study investigated how psychopathic traits relate to job satisfaction and burnout in police officers. 101 Polish officers completed self-report measures for psychopathic traits, burnout, and job satisfaction. Findings indicate strong negative correlations between all psychopathy subscales and emotional exhaustion. Depersonalization also showed weak negative correlations with affective and cognitive responsiveness, and interpersonal manipulation. Conversely, personal accomplishment had moderate positive correlations with affective responsiveness and interpersonal manipulation. All psychopathy subscales strongly and positively correlated with overall job satisfaction. Results suggest that subclinical psychopathic traits may act as a protective factor against burnout and positively influence job satisfaction in police work.
Purpose
This study aims to enhance the understanding of psychopathic personality traits, as defined by the psychopathic personality traits model, within UK incarcerated individuals, including organised crime group members. This study sought to replicate and expand previous latent profile analyses (LPAs) to investigate psychopathic trait intensity, manifestations and their association with organised crime membership and violent offending.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 477 male adult inmates from a UK prison, including 120 members of organised crime groups, participated. Psychopathic traits were assessed using the self-reported 28-item psychopathic personality traits scale – revised (PPTS-R). LPA identified homogeneous groups based on four PPTS-R dimensions. Multinomial logistic regression then examined the association between identified latent classes, organised crime group membership and violent offending.
Findings
LPA revealed a four-class solution as the best fit, showing a gradient of psychopathic trait severity: “non-psychopathy group” (38%), “low psychopathy group” (30%), “moderate psychopathy group” (21%) and “high psychopathy group” (6%). The “high psychopathy group” prevalence was consistent with US and Polish inmate findings. Multinomial logistic regression showed prisoners in the “high psychopathy group”, in comparison to “non-psychopathy group”, were 4.5 times more likely to be organised crime members. No significant association was found between psychopathy classes and violent offending.
Originality/value
This study demonstrated that psychopathic traits are manifested consistently across incarcerated populations. It highlights a significant association between higher psychopathic traits and organised crime group membership, suggesting these traits may facilitate involvement in complex criminal enterprises. Importantly, findings decouple psychopathy from a universal prediction of violent offending, emphasising the need for nuanced risk assessments and targeted interventions.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Purpose
Adolescent dating violence and abuse (ADVA) can have severe and long-lasting implications for the mental health, cognitive development, and overall wellbeing of young people at a complex developmental stage. The purpose of this paper is to scrutinise current literature and consider the impact of early intimate dating abuse, exploring how factors such as the quality and influence of peer relationships can be critical foundations to young people’s vulnerability or resilience. The significance of certain childhood adversities as predictors of increased risk of future ADVA perpetration and victimisation will be considered.
Design/methodology/approach
In this article, the authors examine the impact of ADVA on victim-survivors focusing on mental distress, including self-harm, depression and anxiety, continuous traumatic stress, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation. The authors also examine the pervasive influence of ADVA on victims’ social isolation and exclusion from networks of social support. ADVA often causes victims to be fearful, entrapped, isolated and controlled.
Findings
Societal normalisation of dating abuse and rape myths can exacerbate a victim’s feelings of self-blame and shame, severely impairing young people’s ability to disclose and seek external support, perpetuating feelings of helplessness. In integrating recent research, legislation and government reports, the authors demonstrate the necessity of addressing ADVA through a whole school approach, trauma-informed interventions and authentic educational programmes.
Originality/value
This article contributes to the growing body of literature, emphasising both the mental health impact and urgent need to change attitudes and behaviours underlying ADVA. The authors offer recommendations for policy and practice such that the needs of victims can be better met whilst perpetrators are offered support and held to account.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
This research examines how identifying an animal as an individual influences children's willingness to consume that animal, as well as meat derived from conspecifics and different species. Across two studies involving Polish preschoolers aged 5-6 (Study 1: N = 94; Study 2: N = 105), we examined whether presenting a chicken with a name and distinct preferences would reduce children's willingness to consume that specific animal, as well as their preference for chicken meat (poultry) and meat from a different species (pork) during a toy sandwich-building task. Study 2 further compared two forms of identification: unique exemplar identification versus similar exemplar identification (highlighting traits shared with the species). Results consistently revealed that identifying a unique exemplar had a conditional effect on willingness to consume the identified animal and its conspecifics, but did not extend to meat from other species. Animal's identifiability reduced both children's intentions to consume the identified animal (Study 1) and their actual preference for chicken slices in the sandwich-building task (Studies 1 and 2). However, these effects emerged among children who did not report a strong liking for meat. Overall, the findings suggest that although animal identifiability can reduce children's intentions to consume meat, its impact is moderated by preexisting food preferences and shows limited generalization across species.
Across three studies (N = 2,309), we examined the relationship between attachment insecurity and aspects of exchange orientation. Study 1 showed that attachment anxiety was related to exchange orientation toward romantic partners and acquaintances, and calculative mindset, whereas attachment avoidance was related to exchange orientation toward romantic partners and a calculative mindset. Preregistered Study 2 replicated these links longitudinally. Preregistered Study 3 revealed distinct mechanisms: need for cognitive closure mediated the link between anxiety and exchange orientation, while desire for control mediated the link between avoidance and exchange orientation. Together, we show that exchange orientation functions as a compensatory mechanism, providing predictability and alleviating uncertainty for individuals with high attachment anxiety and preserving autonomy for individuals with high attachment avoidance.
