Edukacja w szkołach przechodzi paradygmatyczną zmianę, kierując się w stronę podejść zorientowanych na relacje i kwestionując tradycyjne modele dyscyplinarne. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji Szkoły Relacyjno-Restoratywnej jako transformacyjnego modelu praktyki edukacyjnej. Model ten definiuje szkołę jako złożony ekosystem społeczny, w którym kluczowe dla efektywnej nauki i rozwoju osobistego są relacje, komunikacja oraz wzajemne zrozumienie, odpowiadające na złożone potrzeby społeczne i emocjonalne uczniów. W pracy omówiono podstawowe założenia tego podejścia, odnosząc się do koncepcji Szkół Relacyjno-Restoratywnych – nurtu edukacyjnego, który koncentruje się na budowaniu pozytywnych relacji, rozwiązywaniu konfliktów w sposób konstruktywny oraz wspieraniu klimatu wzajemnego zaufania i odpowiedzialności. Przedstawiono również konkretne praktyki pedagogiczne charakterystyczne dla tego modelu, takie jak kręgi, mediacje czy codzienne praktyki komunikacyjne wspierające relacje w społeczności szkolnej. W pracy zawarto również przegląd badań empirycznych, które potwierdzają pozytywny wpływ modelu relacyjno-restoratywnego na klimat szkoły, dobrostan psychiczny uczniów oraz rozwój ich kompetencji społecznych oraz ich ograniczenia.
Background: The 2022 War in Ukraine has significantly affected the psychological well-being and daily lives of people in many countries.
Objective: Two aims of this transnational study were (1) to compare psychological distress and coping strategies among people living in Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan, (2) to examine whether the associations between various coping strategies (ie. problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidance) and psychological distress (ie. depression, anxiety, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and hopelessness about the ongoing war) differed among people of various countries during the initial stage of the 2022 War in Ukraine.
Method: In total, 1,598 participants (362 from Ukraine, 1,051 from Poland, and 185 from Taiwan) were recruited using an online advertisement to complete online survey questionnaires, including the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory; the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; the Impact of Event Scale-Revised; and a questionnaire devised to assess the level of hopelessness about the ongoing war.
Results: Psychological distress and adoption of coping strategies differed across people of various countries. Among Taiwanese and Polish respondents, avoidant coping strategies were most strongly associated with all categories of psychological distress compared with problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies. However, the associations of various coping strategies with psychological distress differed to a less extent among Ukrainian respondents. In addition, problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies had comparable associations with psychological distress among the people of Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan.
Conclusions: The 2022 War in Ukraine has affected the psychological well-being of people, especially the Ukrainians. Because of the strong association between the adoption of avoidance coping strategies and psychological distress, despite a less extent among Ukrainian respondents, adaptive coping strategies such as (problem- and emotion-focused) are suggested to help people during times of war.
Background: Since the onset of COVID-19, public health policies and public opinions changed from stringent preventive measures against spread of COVID-19 to policies accommodating life with continued, diminished risk for contracting COVID-19. Poland is a country that demonstrated severe psychological impact and negative mental health. The study aims to examine psychological impact and changes in levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among three cross-sectional samples of Polish people and COVID-19-related factors associated with adverse mental health.
Methods: In total, 2324 Polish persons participated in repeated cross-sectional studies across three surveys: Survey 1 (22 to 26 March 2020), Survey 2 (21 October to 3 December 2020), and Survey 3 (3 November to 10 December 2021). Participants completed an online survey, including Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), demographics, knowledge, and concerns of COVID-19 and precautionary measures.
Results: A significant reduction of IES-R scores was seen across surveys, while DASS-21 scores were significantly higher in Survey 2. There was significant reduction in the frequency of following COVID-19 news, recent COVID-19 testing, and home isolation from Survey 1 to 3. Being emale was significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores in Surveys 1 and 2. Student status was significantly associated with higher DASS-21 across surveys. Chills, myalgia, and fatigue were significantly associated with high IES-R or DASS-21 scores across surveys. Frequency of wearing masks and perception that mask could reduce risk of COVID-19 were significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores.
Conclusion: Conclusions: The aforementioned findings indicate a reduction in the level of the measured subjective distress andin the frequency of checking COVID-19 news-related information across three periods during the pandemic in Poland.
The paper describes an eye-tracking framework for offline analysis of and real-time interaction with gaze-responsive subtitled media. The eventual goal is to introduce and to evaluate gaze-responsive subtitles, which afford pausing of video when reading subtitles. Initial modes of interaction include: look-to-read and look-to-release. The former pauses video as long as gaze is detected over subtitles, the latter pauses video until gaze falls on subtitles. To avoid disrupted perception of media content, an additional ambient soundtrack matched to the general content of video is proposed. Note that this is potentially revolutionary as it would require an entirely novel approach to film direction. Just as Audio Description is now included in most modern films, ambient sound would also be needed to fill in brief temporal gaps when the user’s visual attention is directed toward subtitles. Concomitantly, the eye-tracking framework fosters quantitative analysis of attention to audiovisual content apart from qualitative evaluation on which most of subtitling standardization is based.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweMonografia (zamknięty dostęp)Monograph Chapter (Conference proceedings)
Objectives: The aim of the paper is to present the findings from a study of the relationships between perception of worklife areas and trust in supervisor and interpersonal trust on the one hand, and assessment of the severity of stress at work on the other hand.
Material and Methods: The study involved 1113 individuals working in different Polish organizations. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to measure stress severity. Assessments of worklife areas were measured using the Areas of Worklife Survey, while trust was measured using the Trust in Supervisor Scale and the Interpersonal Trust Measures, a tool for measuring trust in co-workers.
Results: The regression analysis results prove that stress severity depends to the largest extent on the assessment of worklife areas (workload, reward, and values), as well as trust in the skills and competencies of the supervisor and trust in co-workers, based on cognitive factors. The role of trust in the supervisor, emphasizing the latter’s benevolence and the belief in their integrity and of trust in co-workers, based on emotions, and the relationships of these variables with stress require clarification. The model turned out to be statistically significant, the variables included in the model explain 45% of the variability of the dependent variable.
Conclusions: Assessment of worklife areas is more significant for stress level prediction than the trust dimensions studied. Conclusions concerning the relationships between trust and stress must be cautious, and the matter should be studied further.
