Mate retention strategies are behaviors to maintain a partner's commitment and prevent infidelity or relationship dissolution. Individuals generally seek partners with comparable mate value (MV) to reduce the risk of rejection. When a mate value discrepancy (MVD) emerges, the partner with lower MV may adopt strategies to retain the relationship. This study examined whether Polish women with lower MV relative to their male partners more frequently initiated sex, performed fellatio, and faked orgasms, and whether these behaviors were driven by their desire to enhance partner satisfaction. It also investigated whether women’s perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD), their enjoyment of performing fellatio, or their perception of their partner’s enjoyment of receiving fellatio moderated the link between MVD and fellatio frequency, expecting that women less concerned about pathogens or more enjoying the act would show a stronger association. Data from 562 women in committed, sexually active heterosexual relationships showed that higher MVD—where the woman’s MV was lower than her partner’s—indirectly predicted the frequency of initiating sex, performing fellatio, and faking orgasms, through a stronger desire to satisfy the partner sexually. However, PVD, women’s enjoyment of performing fellatio, or their perception of their partner’s enjoyment of receiving fellatio did not significantly moderate the relationship between MVD and fellatio frequency. These results suggest that women use sexual behaviors as benefit-provisioning strategies to strengthen partner commitment, addressing perceived mate value gaps, independent of disease-avoidance concerns or personal and perceived partner enjoyment.
Objectives Research suggests that self-compassion plays a protective role in adolescence, helping young people cope with emotional challenges. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Youth (SCS-Y-PL) by Neff among non-clinical samples of adolescents.
Method To assess factor structure, data were collected from 415 Polish primary school students (50.8% males, aged 10–16 years). Test–retest reliability was measured 3 weeks later among 72 students (17.3% from initial sample). Theoretical validity of the SCS-Y-PL was evaluated using measures of personality, self-esteem, positive youth development, life satisfaction, depressiveness, and social support.
Results The results of confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling confirm the six-component structure of the SCS-Y-PL and borderline goodness-of-fit of the two-factor structure. Both the composite reliability index and Cronbach's α values confirmed the scale's reliability. The six-component structure of the SCS-Y-PL demonstrated strong stability. The theoretical validity analysis indicated low correlations that aligned with expectations for the majority of the selected scales.
Conclusions The Polish adaptation of the SCS-Y-PL has good psychometric properties. The findings support the theoretical six-factor structure of the scale and its relevance for assessing self-compassion in adolescence, making an important contribution to youth research and practice.
Preregistration This study was not preregistered.
Chronic procrastination is increasingly targeted in psychotherapy, necessitating valid measures of procrastination in help-seeking individuals for assessment and to measure intervention outcomes. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used in a sample of help-seeking students with problematic procrastination (n = 1461) on the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS), Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API), and Study Problems Questionnaire (SPQ). We confirmed a three-factor solution for PPS. We did not confirm previously established factor structures for API and decided to explore a one-factor solution (API-R). Additional community student samples (n = 817 and n = 996, respectively) corroborated PPS and API-R factor structures. Invariance analyses demonstrated only configural invariance for both PPS and API-R. Researched measures were validated in a help-seeking sample, suggesting their utility in clinical studies. Current results tentatively suggest that used questionnaires capture different facets of procrastination among students seeking help for their problematic irrational delaying, compared with general student samples, indicating a need for broader research on procrastination as a clinical phenomenon.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Publikacja stanowi kompleksowe opracowanie poświęcone prawu do zaskarżania orzeczeń sądowych oraz ich uzasadnień w trzech podstawowych procedurach jurysdykcyjnych: karnej, cywilnej i sądowoadministracyjnej. Autorzy analizują tę instytucję jako kluczowy element konstytucyjnego prawa do sądu oraz realnej kontroli instancyjnej rozstrzygnięć.
Książka w sposób przekrojowy omawia zagadnienia związane z kontrolą instancyjną orzeczeń i ich uzasadnień. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono:
- znaczeniu uzasadnienia orzeczenia dla możliwości skutecznego odwołania,
- dopuszczalności zaskarżenia samych uzasadnień,
- zakresowi i granicom kontroli instancyjnej,
- zależności między wymogami formalnymi a realnym korzystaniem z prawa do sądu,
- wpływowi standardów konstytucyjnych i europejskich na praktykę orzeczniczą.
Autorzy analizują nie tylko przepisy, lecz także ich wykładnię i stosowanie w praktyce sądów, pokazując problemy, z którymi realnie mierzą się prawnicy.
Jednym z największych atutów publikacji jest to, że zaskarżalność orzeczeń nie została potraktowana wyłącznie jako zagadnienie formalne. Autorzy pokazują, jak decyzje proceduralne, stopień formalizmu czy jakość uzasadnienia wpływają na:
- skuteczność środków odwoławczych,
- realną ochronę praw stron,
- faktyczną możliwość skorzystania z kontroli instancyjnej.
Książka porządkuje obszary, które dotąd były niedostatecznie opracowane w doktrynie, a jednocześnie mają duże znaczenie w codziennej praktyce.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweMonografia (zamknięty dostęp)Monography edition
