This essay explores the search for an ideal typography course of typograpy. It analyzes the historical and social context of typography in post-war Poland, highlighting the impact of a non-democratic state on graphic design. It addresses the legacy of elitist education and linguistic uniformity, revealing challenges in the current education system. An interdisciplinary team seeks to define the ideal course through qualitative and quantitative research, underlining the need to understand the current chal-lenges. Models of design education are discussed, recognizing the absence of a perfect course and focusing on the need to standardize content and include modern media in education.
Demands for war reparations often re- emerge in political discourse, decades after conflicts have ended. This research investigates the psychological underpinnings of public support for claiming World War II reparations, focusing on the roles of national narcissism and ingroup victim beliefs. Across four pre-registered studies conducted in Poland and Greece (total N = 2780), we show that national narcissism—a defensive belief in national greatness coupled with a desire for external recognition—predicts support for war reparation claims. This relationship is mediated by perceptions of ingroup victim beliefs, particularly exclusive victimhood, which emphasizes the ingroup's unique suffering. Our findings illuminate how identity-based motivations, especially those rooted in narcissistic group beliefs and selective historical narratives, can shape support for populist foreign policy initiatives long after the original conflict has ended.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Background/Objectives: This study examined gender-specific psychological and interpersonal correlates of suicidal behaviour using the framework of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS).
Methods: The study included a total of 181 respondents from a clinical group (N = 93) and a control group (N = 88). Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for women (N = 86) and men (N = 80) for cases that met leverage values (LEV) ≤ 0.2. Variables included personality traits, coping style, hopelessness, self-esteem, hope, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capacity for suicide. Interaction terms were also tested.
Results: Among women, hopelessness (Exp(B) = 1.37; p = 0.038) and perceived burdensomeness (Exp(B) = 1.12; p = 0.033) were identified as significant correlates of suicidal behaviour. Among men, an avoidance-focused style (Exp(B) = 1.18; p = 0.009) and the interaction of general capacity for suicide x perceived burdensomeness x thwarted belongingness (Exp(B) = 5.29; p = 0.043) emerged as significant correlates. Further analysis indicated that thwarted belongingness became a significant factor in men only when perceived burdensomeness and capacity for suicide were high (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.33; Exp(B) = 1.17; p = 0.042).
Conclusions: Gendered expressions of suicidality appear to follow distinct pathways. Within the IPTS framework, women’s suicidality is more closely shaped by internalized cognitive and affective processes, including hopelessness and perceived burdensomeness, whereas men’s behaviour is influenced by maladaptive coping, social disconnection, and acquired capacity for suicide. These findings highlight the importance of gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies across clinical and community contexts. Early identification of these correlates may reduce suicidal intent, prevent rehospitalization, and improve mental health outcomes.
Emotional competence (EC) encompasses a range of skills used to manage one's own emotions (intrapersonal EC) and to understand and respond to others' emotions (interpersonal EC). How do these theoretically distinct dimensions of EC relate to adaptive functioning? The present research reports three large-scale studies (N total = 2508 adults) using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Our findings largely replicate previous research while extending it across a large community sample and multiple analytic approaches, suggesting that the distinction between intrapersonal and interpersonal EC remains a plausible and statistically supported framework for conceptualizing EC. Intrapersonal EC was consistently associated with indicators of personal adaptive functioning (e.g., emotion regulation, life satisfaction, subjective health, happiness, fewer depressive symptoms), whereas interpersonal EC showed more selective associations, particularly with relational outcomes such as satisfaction with relationship status. Loneliness was concurrently associated with both dimensions. Longitudinally, intrapersonal EC was prospectively associated with subsequent emotion regulation strategies and happiness. Overall, the findings suggest that intra- and interpersonal EC represent distinct yet complementary emotional resources that are differentially associated with personal and relational adaptation, refining theoretical models of EC and informing interventions to promote well-being and relational adjustment.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
General Practice is where most antibiotics are prescribed, yet a concerning trend has been observed – higher prescribing/use of antibiotics in socio-economically deprived settings. We aimed to critically interrogate the literature by exploring if prescribing/use of antibiotics throughout United Kingdom general practices is associated with deprivation, and if so, how. Five databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index and Scopus) were searched. From 1464 gathered papers, 23 were included. 21 identified an association between deprivation and antibiotic prescribing/use and two papers found no association. From the 21, 15 utilized prescribing data, with 12 of these showing that as deprivation increased, so did prescribing, and three papers finding the opposite trend. Of the remaining 6 papers, four studies utilizing self-reported data identified a perceived risk of increased prescribing among socioeconomically deprived patients and two papers identified mixed results. Author interpretations of the relationship between antibiotic prescribing/use and deprivation considered overlapping clinical and social factors, which we then used to support our final synthesizing argument – observed prescribing variation is linked to inequalities and could be conceptualized as a form of “structural violence.” Research is needed to establish how structural inequalities shape the prescribing/use dynamic within these vulnerable communities.
