The article presents the concept of „time for reflection” as a legal requirement to prevent spouses from making hasty decisions to divorce. Moreover, the advantages of this legal solution and its disadvantages have been analysed taking into consideration the proposal to introduce extrajudicial divorce, and an answer has been given to the question whether and how the discussed legal requirement should be regulated.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
In two studies (N = 886), we examined how individualsjudge and select feedback providers for those who eitherhandle criticism well or poorly after performing a low-quality task. Prosocial liars who provided overly positivefeedback, were judged as more moral than honest feedbackproviders. However, despite this, honest feedback providerswere preferred for both oneself and others. Interestingly,when choosing a feedback provider for a vulnerablerecipient versus a generic other, participants preferred aprosocial liar in the former case. Similarly, a ‘sensitive’feedback provider, defined as someone who tells the truthto individuals who handle criticism well but offers overlypositive feedback to those who struggle, was also favouredwhen the recipient was vulnerable compared with when therecipient was unspecified. Notably, the sensitive providerwas not judged as less moral than the honest one, suggestingthat inconsistent (dis)honesty is tolerated when it alignswith social needs. These findings indicate that individualsstrategically adjust preferences for honesty versus lyingbased on social cues.
The chapter verifies the effectiveness of two investing strategies: momentum (investing with the trend) and contrarian (investing against the trend) and examines which temperament and character traits of the non-professional individual investor determine the achievement of high rates of return from investing in shares and thus protect the investor from financial loss in investing.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweMonografia (zamknięty dostęp)Monograph Chapter
The authors present their concept of the normativity, redun¬dancy, and superfluity of the legal text, which they have been developing for several years. Two features of Polish legal culture pose significant difficulties for such a theory: (1) the multiplicity of competing theories of statutory interpretation; (2) theoretical debates about the foundations and shape of the legal system. As to (1), the authors situate the proposed concept within disputes over the “proper” directives of interpretation, referring to Jerzy Wróblewski’s idea of common directives (the W-directives) and drawing on two philosophical notions – Henk Zandvoort’s idea of closed supply programs devised for interdisciplinary research and Adam Dyrda’s account of the epistemic parity of competing legal theories from the metaphilosophical standpoint of holistic pragmatism. As to (2), the concept is placed within discussions of the normativity of law, the three-level structure of the legal text, the multi-layered nature of legal cognition, and the so-called multicentricity of law.
The conclusions concern two areas. (I) A legislative error can be understood analytically – as non-conformity with a model, viz. an analytically ideal text – or metaphorically, as a lapse in craftsmanship. The first perspective is analyzed in the context of theoretical debates on repeal and amendment (ideas developed by Beata Kanarek and Piotr Zwierzykowski). The latter perspec¬tive is juxtaposed with the research program on conceptual legal metaphors (as in the work of Sylwia Wojtczak). (II) The analyses make it possible to refine the notion of the linguistically rational legislator, an assumption used in statutory interpretation which proves to be a conglomerate of several counterfactual assump¬tions (at different levels of idealization) employed at various stages of interpretation.
In conclusion, several theoretical concepts (and the names of their Polish proponents) are listed; these should be para¬phrased and compared in detail with the proposed concept of the normativity, redundancy, and superfluity of the legal text in a monograph.
