Objective: This 12-month longitudinal study with three waves of data collection examined reciprocal relationships betweenparental reflective functioning (PRF)—the capacity to understand one's child's mental states—dimensions and parental burnoutin mothers of young children.
Background: Parental burnout affects approximately 3%–8% of mothers in Western populations, with particularly high rates inPoland, yet factors that explain parental burnout remain poorly understood. PRF may be an important factor, but no longitudinalresearch has examined the relationships between parental burnout and PRF over time.
Method: This three-wave longitudinal study is the first to examine PRF–burnout relationships over a one-year period. Usingcross-lagged panel models (CLPM) and random-intercept CLPM (RI- CLPM), we modeled stable between-person differencesfrom dynamic within-person processes in the longitudinal associations between parental burnout and three PRF dimensions (i.e., prementalizing modes, certainty about child's mental states, and interest/curiosity in mental states) in 988 Polish mothersof children aged 0–5 years 12 months.
Results: Findings revealed considerable heterogeneity in PRF–burnout relationships. Prementalizing modes showed unidirec-tional effects, increasing only in response to chronic parental exhaustion rather than predicting parental burnout. Certaintyabout mental states demonstrated a bidirectional relationship with maternal burnout, driven by stable between-person differ-ences in both constructs. Maternal interest and curiosity predicted increases in parental burnout, with lower curiosity associatedwith higher parental burnout at both the between-person and within-person levels.
Conclusion: Different aspects of maternal mentalization predict parental burnout through distinct longitudinal patterns thatchallenge prevailing theoretical frameworks.
Implications: These findings provide the first longitudinal evidence that maternal curiosity about the child's mental states andchronic uncertainty may represent key psychological processes implicated in vulnerability to parental burnout, with potentialimplications for prevention and family support.
While socially comparative emotions such as envy and schadenfreude are a pervasive part of people's lives, surprisingly little is known about how large-scale sporting events shape these emotional responses. We address this gap by investigating the UEFA EURO 2024 tournament, which provided a unique ecologically-valid field setting to examine how major competitions and national teams winning (vs. losing) evoke not only joy and happiness, but also intergroup emotions rooted in social comparison. In a multi-wave survey of 952 participants from five different countries (England, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland), we measured spectators' happiness, enthusiasm, envy, schadenfreude, and their basking in reflective glory intentions (BIRGing) the day after each national team won versus lost (or drew) their match. Multilevel analyses revealed that match outcomes (win vs. loss vs. draw) shaped participants' emotions, including their happiness, enthusiasm, schadenfreude, envy, and BIRGing intentions—all on the day after their national team's match. Several of these effects were moderated by spectators' football fanship and by the opponent's relative team status (stronger or weaker). The present findings underscore that emotionally charged, group-based reactions during major sporting events mirror deeper intergroup dynamics shaped by relative team status, social identity, and processes of social comparison.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the experiences of service providers supporting male victims and female perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). The study explored the drivers, methods and treatments of female-perpetrated IPV, the nature and impact of abuse towards male victims, the barriers and facilitators to service provision and the impact on the practitioners themselves.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a qualitative approach, using reflexive thematic analysis to analyse semi-structured interviews with 13 experienced service providers.
Findings
Two overarching themes were identified: systemic issues in service provision, including challenges with multi-agency approaches, funding and availability of services and the impact on practitioners; and gender stereotypes, which created barriers to male victims' help-seeking and influenced the treatment of female perpetrators.
Practical implications
The findings suggest the need for a multi-level approach, addressing gendered inequalities in IPV policy and funding, implementing gender-inclusive, evidence-based and trauma-informed practices, and raising public and professional awareness to challenge the dominant “domestic violence stereotype”.
Originality/value
This study provides a detailed, in-depth exploration of the experiences of service providers supporting “non-typical” populations in IPV, revealing the complex, multi-faceted challenges they face within a system that is inherently designed to support female victims of male perpetrators.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
This article examines different theoretical explanations for rioting and crowd disorder drawing on psychological, sociological and political perspectives. The role of the law and in particular, police practice in tackling and exacerbating crowd violence are explored with a critical eye on the latest police science research. Both psychological motivations of rioters and systemic intersectional inequalities are considered together in this piece to comprehensively account for the reasons why people choose to riot. The adequacy of theoretical explanations and recommendations for how future riots might be avoided are considered in relation to the English riots of August 2011 and August 2024.
Research examining perceptions of male victims of sexual violence has been neglected, particularly regarding jury attitudes toward these victims. It is important to recognize whether jurors, as community decision-makers, hold falsehoods, stereotypes, and gendered beliefs about male victims of sexual violence and whether these beliefs affect their legal attitudes and verdict decisions. A systematic review of peer-reviewed, experimental studies published between 1980 and 2024 was conducted. A total of 11 databases, alongside ascendancy, descendancy, and gray literature searches across two additional platforms, were searched using 18 search strings, yielding 21 sources which met the pre-registered inclusion criteria. Reviewers assessed all sources in terms of quality using two separate measures. Synthesis of the reviewed sources suggests that mock jurors are typically less punitive toward defendants in sexual violence cases with male victims, compared to those with female victims. While half of the sources find no effect of victim gender on mock jurors’ verdict decisions, this is accompanied by findings indicating that mock jurors hold harsher attitudes and beliefs toward male victims. Several sources also suggest that male victims’ ethnicity, sexuality, and gender identity are additional characteristics that affect mock jury attitudes and legal outcomes. Mock jurors were typically more lenient toward alleged perpetrators of sexual violence and held harsher and more punitive attitudes toward Black, gay, or transgender male victims in sexual violence cases. Finally, we discuss implications for policy and practice, and recommendations for future research.
