The aim of the study was to validate the reliability of the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 Version 3 (HCR-20 V3) and the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors (SAPROF) assessment tools for use in Polish forensic psychiatry and penitentiary settings. Despite their global popularity and Polish-language adaptations, these methods remain underutilized in Poland. Data were collected with HCR-20 V3 and SAPROF from 401 male subjects, including forensic psychiatric patients and inmates, between 2020 and 2023. Assessments were conducted twice, six months apart, and they were independently analyzed by three trained investigators to calculate interrater reliability using Krippendorff’s alpha. The results demonstrated very good interrater reliability for historical risk assessments across groups. Reliability was slightly lower for clinical and dynamic risk factors, reflecting challenges in evaluating factors without direct contact with subjects. For inmates, limited psychological support and systemic post-release aid influenced the reliability of risk management evaluations. In contrast, external protection assessments were more reliable in inmates than forensic psychiatric patients, whose outcomes depended on uncertain post-release supervision and therapy availability. In the study, the importance was highlighted of integrating protective factors into risk assessments and it was confirmed that HCR-20 V3 and SAPROF produce reliable results when used by trained professionals. These findings address concerns among Polish practitioners regarding potential biases in SPJ tools. High interrater reliability of final risk and protection assessments reinforces the potential for broader adoption of these tools in Poland.
Childhood adversities have been linked to psychosocial outcomes, but it remains uncertain whether subtypes of adversity exert different effects on outcomes. Research is also needed to explore the dynamic interplay between adversity and psychosocial outcomes from childhood to mid-adolescence. This study aimed to investigate these relationships and their role in shaping adolescent wellbeing. Data were extracted from three timepoints of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey when participants (n = 646) were aged 10–15. Cross-lagged panel models were used to explore the relationship between cumulative adversities, and separately non-household (i.e., bullying victimization and adverse neighborhood) and household (i.e., sibling victimization, quarrelsome relationship with parents, financial struggles, and maternal psychological distress) adversities, and psychosocial outcomes (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems, delinquency, and life satisfaction). Our results revealed that heightened cumulative adversity predicted psychosocial outcomes from childhood to mid-adolescence. Increased levels of household adversity predicted psychosocial outcomes throughout early to mid-adolescence, while non-household adversity only predicted psychosocial outcomes in early adolescence. Furthermore, worse psychosocial outcomes predicted higher levels of adversities during adolescence, highlighting bidirectionality between adversity and psychosocial outcomes. These findings underscore the varying impacts of adversity subtypes and the mutually reinforcing effects of adversities and psychosocial functioning from childhood to mid-adolescence.
Teachers play an important role in identifying their students’ mental health problems through their interaction in school. This study aimed to investigate teachers’ confidence, barriers, and needs in identifying varying forms of mental health problems, their opinions about the feasibility of structured mental health screening in schools, and their opinions regarding training to improve their ability to identify difficulties. Thirty-three Indonesian Junior and Senior high school teachers participated in individual online semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Seven themes were developed: (1) confidence in assessing student mental health, (2) observable behaviours being easier to assess, (3) teachers use a personal approach to identify mental health problems, (4) reliance on personal experience to deal with students’ mental health problems, (5) the need for social support, (6) the need for a skill improvement program, and (7) mental health screening would be feasible in schools. The findings provide an impetus for designing future training for school-based mental health problem identification for teachers.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Children from lower income backgrounds are more vulnerable to psychopathology but it is unclear why. One possibility is that poverty amplifies the effects of other risk factors, such as parental distress, on child mental health problems. Previous relevant studies often had cross-sectional designs or relied on traditional cross-lagged panel designs, which have methodological drawbacks. Designs that disentangle within- and between-family effects can provide more robust conclusions. To date, no studies have investigated the moderating role of poverty on the relationship between parental and child mental health using a within-family design. This study investigates whether the between-and within-family relations between parental and child mental health differ between people living in poverty and those living in non-poverty. Multigroup autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals were fitted to analyse data collected at ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 from the Millennium Cohort Study; a representative sample of the UK population (N = 10, 309; ~ % 32 poverty). Results indicated that relations between parental distress and child psychopathology were not moderated by poverty at either the between or within-family levels. This study challenges models that indicate effects will be stronger in the context of poverty, such as the Context of Stress model. Thus, findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize addressing associations between parental and child mental health problems across all poverty levels.
On the basis of two social-affective frameworks, we posited that national football team performance (winning vs. losing) would impact spectators’ identities, affect and sociopolitical attitudes—including their intergroup attitudes (i.e., in-group favouritism and multiculturalism) and societal perceptions (i.e., national optimism, perceived crisis severity, political trust and perceived racism). During the UEFA EURO 2024 tournament in Germany, we assessed residents (N = 1012) from five participating countries before the tournament (baseline) and after each game. Confirming our preregistered hypotheses, national team wins led to stronger national identification, which, in turn, predicted more in-group favouritism and less support for multiculturalism. Wins also predicted more positive affect, which then coincided with stronger national optimism. Contrary to our hypotheses, however, no direct effects emerged for spectators’ political trust, nor their perceptions of crisis severity and racism. These findings highlight ways in which national sports experiences can predict spectators’ collective identities, emotions and selected sociopolitical attitudes.
