Previous research suggests that people who identify with global communities tend to show greater concern for global challenges. Using student samples from 44 countries across different cultural clusters (N = 13,055), we examined whether (1) three forms of dispositional global social identification (GSI, with all humanity, citizens of the world, and people all over the world) are related to concern for global issues, (2) situational activation of these identifications increases such concern, (3) country-level traditional and survival values are negatively associated with global concern, and (4) these values moderate the GSI–concern link. Both dispositional and situational GSIs positively predicted global concern. Situational activation showed inconsistent effects, whereas dispositional GSIs demonstrated moderate and consistent associations with global concern across the full sample and most countries. Overall, dispositional forms of GSI appeared more influential than situational ones. Contrary to expectations, traditional values (and survival values—marginally) were positively related to global concern and showed no evidence of moderating GSI–concern associations. Additional analyses showed the indices of GDP per capita, Human Development, Gini, and poverty as robust predictors of global concern. We discuss how these findings refine claims about the universality of global identification outcomes and highlight the importance of socio- cultural context in shaping such concern.
The Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale-Revised (SIBS-R) is a popular measure of spirituality. Nevertheless, some items on the SIBS-R measure constructs other than spirituality (e.g., well-being), which undermines the validity of the SIBS-R as
a measure of spirituality. In light of this, a new version of the SIBS-R, the SIBSR2, was created. The SIBS-R2 consists of eight items from the SIBS-R that are not confounded with other constructs such as well-being. The SIBS-R2 was validated in two samples of university students, US (n=153–433) and Canada (n=214–273). Participants in these studies completed the SIBS-R, and they completed measures of religiosity (intrinsic, extrinsic, and religion as quest), personality (the Big Five
and self-focused attention), and well-being (self-esteem, depression, and satisfaction with life). The SIBS-R2 was reliable in both samples (α=0.92, US and 0.91, CA), and factor analyses found that the single-factor structures in the two samples were similar. Regression analyses found that the SIBS-R2 was positively related to intrinsic religiosity and was not significantly related to personal and social extrinsic religiosity nor to religion as quest. SIBS-R2 scores were positively correlated with satisfaction with life, self-esteem, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and reflection, and was negatively correlated with rumination, although these relationships were not strong and varied slightly between the two samples. These results suggest that the SIBS-R2 is a measure of spirituality that is not meaningfully contaminated with personality, self-focused attention, and some aspects of well-being. Furthermore, a brief, three-item version of the SIBS-R2 was proposed.
The resolution of June 16, 2025, ref. III FPS 1/25, finally ended the judicial dispute over the issue of delivering a copy of the order, i.e., whether it should be delivered to the obligated party or to the representative appointed in the main (tax assessment) case. Its procedural effects are currently particularly important in practice. It should be remembered that the delivery of this copy results in the suspension of the limitation period for the tax liability. It is likely that in a large number of proceedings, whether ongoing or already concluded, there have been defects in this respect. It is therefore necessary to consider whether the limitation period has been effectively suspended and, if the decision is already final, whether it can be declared invalid.
Although exposure to traumatic events is necessary for developing posttraumatic stress, the dose–response relationship between exposure and symptom severity remains inconclusive. One explanation may be the multifaceted nature of trauma exposure, with distinct exposure dimensions exerting differential effects on posttraumatic stress. We assessed four dimensions of trauma exposure—diversity, volume, frequency, and perceived severity—across four trauma exposure modalities: personal involvement in the traumatic event, witnessing, vicarious exposure through close others, and work-related indirect trauma exposure. A nationwide survey of Polish adults (N = 808) assessed exposure using the Multidimensional Trauma Exposure Scale and posttraumatic stress symptoms using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. A multiple-indicator multiple-cause structural equation model evaluated 16 dimension-by-modality trauma exposure predictors. Within the direct trauma exposure modality, both frequency of exposure (β = 0.14, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [0.04, 0.23]) and perceived severity of exposure (β = 0.22, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [0.13, 0.31]) were positively associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Additionally, the perceived severity of trauma experienced by close others significantly predicted the outcome (β = 0.08, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.16]). No exposure dimensions within witnessing or occupational exposure were significantly linked to posttraumatic stress. These findings suggest that separate dimensions of trauma exposure operate through distinct pathways across trauma exposure modalities, with subjective appraisal of exposure severity emerging as the strongest predictor. Simultaneously modeling multiple trauma exposure dimensions and modalities may improve posttraumatic stress risk assessment, providing a theoretically grounded framework for future assessment protocols and intervention research.
The book offers an analytical examination of Asia and the Pacific, a region that, in the opinion of many observers, will engage the world's attention in the twenty-first century. This shift is largely determined by the process of movement from the Euro-Atlantic hemisphere to Asia, the geopolitical and economic gravity of the World. At the center of the author's scientific research are strategic, political, and economic cooperation, which is the driving force of the development dynamics of the entire region from the end of Cold War 1.0 to the beginning of Cold War 2.0. The scope and direction of this cooperation, as well as the major players participating in it, have contributed to the overall result, which places the region at the forefront in terms of its share of global GDP. This book is an updated version of a monograph published in 2022. The decision to publish it in English is guided by the conviction that the language, as a contemporary lingua franca, will make the work accessible to a wider group of readers, including decision-makers responsible for shaping the paradigms of politics in the Asia-Pacific field, as well as researchers and students of international studies.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweMonografia (zamknięty dostęp)Monograph
