The aim of this article is to examine the extent to which generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) can support public policy designers in developing preliminary concepts for behavioural interventions. The authors conducted an experiment in which four proposals to reduce food waste were developed with varying degrees of GenAI involvement and subsequently evaluated by 15 public policy practitioners. The results show that GenAI can effectively assist designers in generating logically coherent and persuasive public policy proposals. Productive collaboration requires two key conditions: grounding the design process in a consistent conceptual framework (Theory of Change) and carefully planning how to integrate different GenAI tools with human workflow (the TRIP method). The article also highlights the need for further research on GenAI applications throughout the full design cycle, including empirical research with target groups and stakeholder consultations. It points to ethical challenges related to authorship and accountability for AI-generated content. The paper contributes to the growing interdisciplinary reflection on the use of breakthrough technologies, in particular GenAI, in public policy formulation.
This article examines the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) as a cornerstone of contemporary digitalised governance. Originally introduced in response to the 2008 financial crisis to address systemic opacity in financial markets, the LEI has since evolved into a global public-good infrastructure that enables interoperability, transparency, and accountability across jurisdictions and sectors. This study investigates the extent to which the LEI can be effectively implemented in Poland and the European Union, and what legal, institutional, and economic barriers constrain its universal adoption. The research employs a multi-method design, combining doctrinal and comparative analysis with empirical evidence from European supervisory projects (the EIOPA, ESMA, ECB, and EBA) and a Polish case study conducted under an NCN project on tax administration. Findings confirm that the LEI strengthens systemic risk monitoring, audit quality, and SME participation in global trade, but also reveal persistent barriers, including renewal costs, administrative burdens, and fragmented domestic identifiers. The analysis identifies four pillars of reform – universality, interoperability, continuity, and public co-financing – necessary to embed the LEI within governance systems. Comparative lessons from the United States and Japan demonstrate that statutory identifiers can extend beyond finance and support innovation while oversight is maintained. The article concludes that only by recognising the LEI as a structural component of digitalised governance can its transformative potential for transparent, resilient, and inclusive public administration be fully realised.
Whereas parties with transnational ties can influence domestic protest mobilization, the mechanisms for how this happens are not clear. I elucidate these mechanisms by drawing on resource mobilization and international party assistance literature and analyzing a likely case for this to occur: Euromaidan in
Ukraine. Mechanisms through which transnational connections enhance the capacity for mobilization include (a) leveling the political field (b), socializing parties (c), membership conditionality requirements and (d) direct messages of empathy and support. In 2013–14, transnational ties provided important avenues for the challenger coalition to access resources in resistance to the increasingly authoritarian regime.
Agency, pertaining to planning and executing actions, is a core feature of the political landscape. Our study examines the temporal dynamics of agentic language in political online discourse during the 2020 U.S. Congressional Elections, spanning 180 days before and after Election Day, and before the Capitol Hill riots. We coded 495,252 messages posted by Democratic and Republican candidates on Twitter for agentic language, which was more prevalent in tweets of politicians who won elections. Temporal analyses revealed increased agency as critical political events approached, whether a planned democratic event (Election Day) or a sudden disruptive protest (Capitol riots). The study enhances our understanding of the role of agency expression in political social media communication. Politicians may strive to evoke agency among voters to encourage political engagement, and voters may be cautioned by our results about this subtle (possibly unaware) manipulative strategy.
