The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1,2,3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts’ choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the reanalyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent reanalyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of ±0.05 Cohen’s d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator increased to 57%. Of the reanalyses conducted, 74% reached the same conclusion as the original investigation, 24% yielded no effects or inconclusive results and 2% reported the opposite effect. This exploratory study indicates that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not be simply assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Background: Citizenship behaviors are crucial in fostering social progress. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30-General Version (CBQ-30-GV) among Taiwanese university students. It also examined the association of citizenship behaviors with depression and perceived stress.
Methods: A total of 1000 university students participated in an online survey. To evaluate the factor structure of the CBQ-30-GV, five competing models were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore, internal consistency was assessed, and concurrent validity was examined by analyzing the correlations between CBQ-30-GV scores and subjective well-being, as measured using the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment Well-being (PERMA)-Profiler. Moreover, the correlations of citizenship behaviors with depression (measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and perceived stress (measured using the Perceived Stress Scale) were investigated using Pearson correlations.
Results: The findings supported a bifactor structure for the CBQ-30-GV, comprising seven specific factors and a general factor, with satisfactory model fit. The CBQ-30-GV demonstrated adequate internal consistency, and all seven specific and general factor scores were significantly and positively correlated with PERMA-Profiler scores (r = 0.080 to 0.490; p < 0.001). The general factor and the majority of specific factor scores of the CBQ-30-GV were significantly and negatively associated with depression (r = –0.426 to –0.135; p < 0.001) and perceived stress (r = –0.346 to –0.165; p < 0.001), whereas the factor scores for political activity and activity for change exhibited either positive or nonsignificant associations with depression and perceived stress.
Conclusions: These findings confirm the bifactor structure of the CBQ-30-GV and its acceptable internal reliability and concurrent validity. They indicate that most of the CBQ-30-GV specific factor scores negatively correlated with depression and perceived stress.
Artificial intelligence (AI) agents represent a new class of social actors within social and economic systems. To ensure the smooth functioning of human-AI societies, it is crucial to understand how trust between humans and AI agents is developed. The present study (N = 400), conducted on a representative sample of U.S. residents, investigated how the fundamental dimensions of social perception may affect differences in trust towards humans and AI agents. We manipulated human and AI trustees’ warmth and competence and measured trust towards them in a trust game. Overall, AI trustees were trusted less than human trustees were, especially in the low warmth conditions. We discuss warmth as a crucial determinant of trust in the context of human-AI interactions and suggest potential implications of these results for designing trustworthy AI systems.
Pretend play is crucial for preschool children’s cognitive and social development and has potential links to self-regulation. While prior research suggests associations between pretend play complexity and self-regulation, the relations between specific dimensions of pretend play and specific dimensions of self-regulation remain underexplored. This study examines associations between pretend play dimensions and behavioral and emotional self-regulation, expecting cognitive dimensions (organization, elaboration, imagination) to relate positively to behavioral regulation and the social interaction dimension to emotional regulation.
Participants included 93 children (50.5% girls, Mage = 60.77 months, SD = 13.34) in Krakow, Poland. Pretend play was assessed using indicators of complexity and social relationships using observational assessments. Children’s behavioral self-regulation and emotion regulation was evaluated through direct assessments. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the organization aspect of pretend play (β = .38, p = .024) and age (β = 0.55, p < .001) were significant predictors of behavioral self-regulation. No significant predictors emerged for emotional self-regulation, and the explained variance was minimal (R2 = .07, p = .352).
Structured pretend play may support behavioral self-regulation in preschoolers, while its role in emotional self-regulation remains unclear. Further research should explore additional play characteristics and contextual factors influencing self-regulation.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Recent research has uncovered significant associations between parental burnout (PB) and parenthood regret (PR), challenging their historical isolation in studies. In this preregistered, multimethod, multisample investigation, we aimed to explore the distinctiveness of PB and PR and their impacts on escape ideation, parental neglect, and violence. The study involved 973 Polish-speaking parents (Study 1) and 1,429 French- and English-speaking parents (Study 2). Analyses identified four profiles based on levels of PB and PR. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor latent model (PB and PR) over a one-factor model (parental distress). PB, rather than PR, showed cross-sectional and prospective associations with escape ideation, parental neglect, and violence. No exacerbating effect of PR on the relationship between PB and its consequences was found. These findings were consistent across studies and samples, establishing PB and PR as distinct constructs. Further research is needed to understand the consequences of PR.
