This paper explores the differences between five components of subjective well-being: happiness, meaning, harmony, spirituality, and religiosity. This is a pressing question, as growing research suggests that a good life encompasses more than just happiness, underscoring the need to understand the distinctions between subjective well-being components. Quantitative approaches often reveal high correlations between them, making differentiation difficult. To address this, we employed a mixed-methods design, including a quantitative analysis of open-ended responses from 1,084 British participants. Our findings indicate that happiness is primarily oriented toward small communities, while the other components are more broader communities-oriented. These results contribute to a nuanced understanding of human flourishing and lay the groundwork for further research into the distinctions between well-being components.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Background: Accessible and inclusive tools for assessing gender dysphoria in Polish-speaking populations remain limited. To bridge this gap in care, there is an urgent need for accessible, psychometrically sound tools to assess Polish gender-diverse individuals. In this study, we aimed to adapt the Polish version of the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale - Gender Spectrum to address a critical gap in assessment tools that include nonbinary, binary transgender, and cisgender individuals.Methods: In Study 1 (N = 1,057), the 18-item UGDS-GS was translated into Polish using a backward translation procedure. Its factorial structure, internal consistency, and construct validity were examined in an online sample of Polish adults, including binary transgender, nonbinary, and cisgender participants recruited via social media and the Prolific platform between July and August 2025. Participants completed the UGDS-GS along with measures of anxiety, depression, and gender dysphoria. In Study 2, an independent sample of Polish adults (N = 245 at T1) recruited via Prolific completed the UGDS-GS-PL. Additional confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and stability over time was assessed using a three-week test-retest design.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the original two-factor structure. Exploratory factor analysis instead identified a three-factor solution (Gender dysphoria, Puberty-related distress, Gender affirmation) which was subsequently confirmed in an independent sample using confirmatory factor analysis. We found that the scale’s two distress-related dimensions capture relatively stable individual differences across the full gender spectrum. Moreover, the scale demonstrated good internal consistency and good measurement stability. ROC analyses demonstrated excellent screening accuracy for the Gender dysphoria subscale (AUC = .97), good accuracy for Puberty-related distress (AUC = .81), and limited accuracy for Gender affirmation (AUC = .62).Conclusions: The scale provides a valuable alternative to existing binary-focused instruments and demonstrates that gender-neutral assessment of gender dysphoria is both feasible and psychologically viable in the Polish language.
Building on theories that position gratitude as a social and self-transcendent emotion, this research examined whether gratitude reduces people's desire for money across four preregistered studies (N = 3,125). Study 1 provided evidence that gratitude was negatively associated with money desire across three countries (the United Kingdom, Mexico and South Africa). Studies 2–4 provided experimental evidence that various gratitude manipulations consistently reduced money desire. Study 3 revealed two key psychological mechanisms: enhanced social connectedness and increased self-transcendence. Study 4 examined boundary conditions, finding that gratitude's effect on money desire was strongest among individuals with high levels of beliefs in money's symbolic meaning. These findings suggest that gratitude interventions may help reduce materialistic attitudes by addressing the fundamental psychological desire for money itself, operating through specific mechanisms that foster connection to others and transcendence of narrow self-interest.
his study examines whether a personal experience narrative (PEN) can be used to elicit positive reactions to psychological intimate partner violence (PIPV) survivors. We conducted an experimental vignette-based study among 430 young adults (50.5% men; aged 18–25 years) to compare the effect of narrative formats (written PEN, audio PEN, video PEN, and non-PEN control condition) as delivered by a female and male survivor. The results demonstrate that video PENs (presented as TED-style talks) elicited higher empathic reaction and victim likeability than other narrative formats. Victim gender had no effect on outcome measures. Results can be used for developing PIPV interventions.
This research focuses on the roles of identity leadership and team identification in the process of crafting social job resources. Because identity leadership enhances group identity, which in turn promotes cooperation and support, we hypothesized that identity leadership increases the crafting of social job resources via enhanced team identification among teammates. We performed three studies to test these relationships. In a two-wave correlational Study 1 (N = 777), we collected self-reported data from employees regarding their supervisor’s leadership styles as well as their own team identification and job crafting efforts. We observed a positive link between identity leadership and the social job crafting via team identification. Additionally, identity leadership directly predicted seeking social job resources but not structural job resources or challenging job demands. The dimensions of identity leadership linked with social job crafting included identity entrepreneurship and impresarioship. By manipulating identity leadership in experimental Study 2 (N = 287), we showed that, compared with the control condition, identity leadership increased subordinates’ team identification. Finally, in Study 3 (N = 785), we manipulated both identity leadership and team identification, demonstrating that both increased intentions to craft social job resources. We conclude that identity leadership influences employees' crafting intentions and behaviors positively with respect to social job resources and should be promoted among managers to increase proactivity and the exchange of social resources.
