The article examines the impact of generative artificial intelligence tools on the autonomy of an advocate’s judgement within a decision-making model of the application of law. It contrasts the statistical nature of GenAI systems with the complexity of legal reasoning and discusses cognitive offloading and metacognitive passivity. It argues that delegating analytical tasks may weaken the advocate’s personal involvement, thus requiring stronger protection of professional independence and the client’s interests within the Code of Ethics for Advocates.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Disgust in response to health threats may change depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. These cycle-related shifts are thought to result from fluctuations in progesterone and estradiol, which influence both immune activity and behavioural responses to potential source of infections. We hypothesized that hormonal changes may modulate not only pathogen aversion but also food disgust. The study involved 63 Polish women between ages 20 and 35 (M = 27.50, SD = 4.24). The survey period encompassed the luteal and follicular phases, which were confirmed by the use of ovulation tests detecting rising luteinizing hormone levels. Food disgust was measured using the Food Disgust Scale and the Food Disgust Pictures Scale, while pathogen disgust was measured using photographs of potential infection sources. Results were analysed with Student's t-test and Bayesian t-tests. The findings indicated higher pathogen disgust in the luteal phase relative to the follicular phase, although the estimated difference was small. For food disgust, effect estimates were centred close to zero and characterised by substantial uncertainty, providing limited evidence for lack of systematic variation across menstrual cycle phases.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
The article analyses the principles governing the use of generative artificial intelligence in legal practice in the light of international standards. It advances the thesis that international (CCBE), French (CNB), and German (BRAK) regulations are largely consistent with the Polish principles of legal ethics. The author demonstrates that the existing rules allow for the assessment of GenAI use, and that further regulatory measures should be based on the principles of human-cen-tredness and technological neutrality.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
This article is the first in a series on teaching legal reading in the Polish continental legal system. It presents research on first-year law students in Poland who participated in the first legal reading skills classes in the history of Polish legal education. The study aimed to assess the necessity of teaching legal skills in Poland and the effectiveness of the methods used. The research employed mixed methods, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative questions. Findings showed that the course was positively received by students, who valued the innovative approach and the instructors’ expertise. The data supports the idea that learning through observation, imitation and interaction within a supportive educational
environment is highly effective. The study concludes that the course’s novel and innovative methods significantly enhanced student engagement. The educational environment created by the instructors was crucial to this success. The course’s continuation at SWPS University’s School of Law since 2017 demonstrates its tangible benefits. The popularity and positive outcomes highlight the need
