Background:
Savoring, the ability to focus on and appreciate the positive aspects of experience, is an important aspect of well-being. To provide a measure to study savoring among speakers of Polish, we created a Polish-language version of Bryant’s Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI), which is in English. This new scale measures the same three constructs as the original scale: anticipating, savoring the moment, and reminiscing.
Participants and procedure:
Participants were 574 Polish adults (mean age = 37.7 years, SD = 14.4; 77% women) who were recruited by a professional survey company. Participants completed a Polish-language version of the SBI we developed, and for validation purposes, they completed measures of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, meaning in life, authenticity, and well-being.
Results:
Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that our Polish-language version of the SBI reflected the same three factors as the original measure, and scores on these three subscales were reliable. We found significant positive correlations between the subscales of the new measure and self-esteem, satisfaction with life, meaning in life, authenticity, and well-being. We found significant negative correlations between savoring and anxiety and depression. These relationships were comparable to those found in research using the original measure.
Conclusions:
The present results suggest that our proposed Polish-language version of Bryant’s SBI assesses the same constructs as those measured by the original scale, and we believe that our new measure will be useful for researchers interested in studying savoring among Polish language speakers.
In three studies conducted in the United States (n=598), Poland (n=1000) andChile(n=311),wemeasuredparticipants’ Identification With All Humanity and their endorsement of Universalist and Benevolent values as defined by Schwartz and colleagues. In all three studies, when IWAH scores were regressed onto values scores, IWAH scores were significantly (positively) related to the endorsement of Universalism values and were not significantly related to the endorsement of Benevolence values. With one exception, this was also true for the subscales of the two measures of values. The present results confirm a recent model of prosociality that distinguishes ideological and interpersonal prosociality. Although Universalism and Benevolence are both prosocial values, they refer to different domains of prosociality, ideological and interpersonal respectively, and IWAH is related to the former but not to the latter.
The paper addresses the problem of detecting a statistically significant subset of input considered relationships. The Pearson linear correlation coefficient calculated from a sample was used to determine the strength of a relationship. Simultaneous testing of the significance of many relationships is related to the issue of multiple hypothesis testing. In such a scenario, the probability of making a type I error without proper error control is, in practice, much higher than the assumed level of significance. The paper proposes an alternative approach: a new stepwise procedure (MCorrSeqPerm) allowing for finding the maximum statistically significant system of linear correlations keeping the error at the assumed level. The proposed procedure relies on a sequence of permutation tests. Its application in the analysis of relationships in the problem of examining stress experienced at work and job satisfaction was compared with Holm’s classic method in detecting the number of significant correlations.
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article
Background: This study examined the domain-specific patterns associated with supraliminal attachment priming on the cognitive accessibility of attachmentrelated mental representations. Methods: Seventy participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: attachment-insecurity priming, attachment-security priming, or a non-attachment control (non-primed reference) condition. Participants underwent supraliminal priming via a guided imagery task specific to their condition, followed by a lexical decision task measuring reaction times for five word categories: proximity-related, distance-related, positive, negative, and neutral words. Results: Relative differences between priming conditions emerged exclusively for attachment-related word categories. Participants in the attachmentinsecurity priming condition showed faster reaction times to both proximity- and distance-related words relative to the non-primed reference condition. In contrast, participants in the attachment-security priming condition showed faster reaction times to proximity-related words than the non-primed reference condition only at low levels of attachment anxiety; no such differences were observed at higher levels of anxiety. Reaction times to distance-related words did not differ between the security priming and non-primed reference conditions. Attachment avoidance did not moderate any effects. Bayesian analyses provided affirmative evidence for the absence of priming effects in positive, negative, and neutral word categories. Given the observed effect sizes, moderation trendlevel patterns should be interpreted as exploratory. Conclusion: These findings advance understanding of attachment system dynamics by showing that differences between insecurity and security priming in attachment-related processing depend on attachment anxiety.
Introduction: Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have become increasingly popular for monitoring mental health symptoms and lifestyle behaviours, and are largely reported to be feasible and acceptable to users. However, to date, the efficacy of such technologies to improve perinatal mental health outcomes has been mixed. Within the perinatal context, much of this work has been done in the context of postpartum depression, stemming from electronic health records as well as cohort studies. There is, however, a dearth of studies focusing on depression in pregnancy, and machine learning-based clinical decision support systems remain underexplored. The HappyMums application has been developed to meet this need, and its use across Europe will be tested in this study. Methods and analysis: A total of 1000 pregnant people currently suffering from, or at risk of, antenatal depression will be recruited across six countries. All participants will be between 13 and 28 weeks’ gestation and will be given access to the new purposefully developed HappyMums mobile application, to use from enrolment until 2 months postpartum. The application leverages passively collected data from smartphone sensors relating to physical activity and behaviour, as well as requiring active engagement from the user to complete mental health questionnaires and ‘game-like’ activities. Digital data types will be combined with traditional mental health measurement methods, such as standardised questionnaires and interviews, to develop novel predictive models capable of identifying mental health trajectories in women at risk of developing antenatal depression and to test the app’s utility for use as personalised risk prediction and depression identification tool. The primary outcome of this study is to determine what proportion of users will continue to use the mobile application and engage with its tasks and activities at least weekly, while secondary exploratory outcomes include assessing usability of the app and testing the predictive ability of a novel machine learning-based model. These outcomes will, for the first time, be assessed by integrating active as well as passive data. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been granted by local research ethics committees in each recruiting centre. At King’s College London (leading the clinical study), the study was reviewed by the East of England—Essex Research Ethics Committee and granted favourable opinion (REC reference 24/EE/0129). All other sites collecting participant data have the study approved for local delivery. Findings relating to the primary and secondary outcomes will be submitted for publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals, as well as presentations at conferences as symposia or posters. Findings will be made available to a non-specialist audience through open access digital mental health magazines and promotion on social media.
