Artykuły
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- 2023-10
Attachment orientations moderate people’s preferences for market versus communal relationships under a control threat
In two studies, we examined the effects of a control threat and attachment orientation on people’s preferences for market relationships. In Study 1, experiencing a control threat increased the willingness to seek practical support in the market rather than ask a close person for help among participants with higher attachment anxiety. In a well-powered preregistered Study 2, we replicated these results and demonstrated that they also hold for situations in which emotional support is desired. In addition, we demonstrated that the effect of a control threat on the preference for market-based support is moderated by attachment orientations above the effect of objective and subjective socioeconomic status. The effects we found suggest that people’s involvement in market relationships may fulfill important psychological needs, serving as a buffer against attachment insecurities.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2025-03-14
The Polish version of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire
Ethical organizational climate is a pivotal topic in business ethics, influencing employees’ well-being and attitude toward the organization. In Poland, there is a lack of measures dedicated to verifying organizational climate. Our research aimed to examine the psychometrical properties of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ) in Polish business conditions. Studies conducted on two samples confirmed the original structure of the Polish version of the ECQ and its better psychometric properties compared to the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed good construct validity and internal consistency of the ECQ, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients in the range of 0.74–0.81, depending on the type of ethical climate. Bagozzi and Heatherton’s criteria of the magnitude of factor loadings, average variance extracted, and composite reliability showed good convergent validity of the tool. The value of the heterotrait–monotrait ratio of correlations indicated good discriminant validity of the ECQ. Also, the criterion validity of this measure was confirmed. In conclusion, the Polish version of the ECQ is a measure that can be used to study the ethical climate in Polish organizations.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2025-02-26
The relationship between task value, mental fatigue, and motivation: The role of trait mindfulness
Mental fatigue is the core sensation arising during mental effort investment. It has been claimed that it is impacted by valuation processes and influences motivation. However, there is a scarcity of studies examining the interplay between subjective value of the task, mental fatigue, and the motivation to invest effort. We addressed this issue in the present study. We also examined how trait mindfulness relates to these processes. In an online study, participants (N = 241) filled the FFMQ and performed tasks which engaged mental effort. Participants answered questions regarding the main dependent variables, i.e., mental fatigue, value of the task, and motivation to invest effort. The results of mediation analyses showed a consistent negative relation between the perceived value and mental fatigue, and a negative relation between mental fatigue and motivation to invest further effort. We have also shown that trait mindfulness is positively related to the perceived value of the task, which further relates to lesser fatigue and finally higher motivation to invest effort, however, the mediation path through value only is the strongest and most reliable one. Overall, our results inform the current debate on mental fatigue origins and provide insight into the relationship between trait mindfulness and motivational processes.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2025-03-14
Maintaining habitual physical activity by overcoming disruptive competing actions: mechanisms and interventions
Habits are mental representations of associations between actions and contextual contingencies. Habit formation can be efficacious in promoting health behavior maintenance, including for highly complex behaviors such as physical activity. Changes in circumstances (e.g., job transitions, moving home) or the advent of disruptive events (e.g., work-related or personal responsibilities) can lead to habit discontinuity by eliminating the contextual contingencies associated with the behavior. Recently, habit theorists have distinguished between preparation or instigation and execution habits, with preparation or instigation habits proposed as central to the development and maintenance of complex habitual behaviors. Discontinuity for complex habitual behaviors may entail disruption of preparation, instigation, or execution habits making such behaviors highly vulnerable to disruption and discontinuity. We propose that the advent of events such as increased work demands or personal responsibilities (e.g., job demands or personal circumstances such as caregiving) and competing highly rewarding activities (e.g., technology-mediated screen activities such as using smartphone apps and games) have high potential to disrupt preparation and instigation habits for complex behaviors. We outline the mechanisms involved and propose several strategies that may be employed to minimize disruption and discontinuity of complex habitual behaviors using physical activity as an illustration. We identify reaffirming original goals, self-monitoring, and planning strategies as potentially efficacious means to minimize the potential for events and competing activities to disrupt physical activity preparation and instigation habits. We call for future research to investigate the efficacy of these strategies in managing disruptive events and promote maintenance of habitual physical activity habit maintenance.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2025-03-16
The social currency of sharing economy: How monetary and nonmonetary interactions impact social capital
In three experiments and one quasi-experimental study, we investigate how monetary transactions in peer-to-peer sharing economy interactions affect social capital. We find that monetary transactions reduce willingness to help a neighbor compared to nonmonetary interactions. This effect is mediated by a diminished sense of communality (Study 1 and S1) and lower perceived closeness to the interaction partner (Studies 2 and 3). Study 2 suggests that the social effects of monetary transactions mirror those of situations wherein no prior contact has occurred. This finding implies that market pricing rules may reinforce the perception of the other person as a stranger. Quasi-experimental Study 3, conducted with Couchsurfing and Airbnb users, replicates these findings and extends them to another outcome—willingness to maintain social ties with the host. However, Study 3 also indicates that the negative impact of monetary transactions on social capital creation can be partially mitigated by personal contact, which fosters a greater sense of communality and closeness. These findings underscore the role of nonmonetary sharing economy interactions in fostering social connections. For sharing economy platform creators, integrating market-based transactions into their business models may pose challenges to community-building efforts.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article