Artykuły
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- 2024-06
A discussion of early maladaptive schemas in men convicted sexual offenders in Poland
Introduction: This study aims to explore differences in the prevalence of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) in convicted sexual offenders (CSO’s) as compared to the general male population (control group). Methods: The study included 102 men incarcerated for sexual offences and 167 men from a non-criminal population. The study used the Polish version of Young’s schema questionnaire – YSQ-S3-PL. Results: The results demonstrated a higher degree of EMS severity in CSO except in the ‘impaired limits’ domain where non-criminal individuals scored higher. The individuals who have committed sexual offenses displayed more extensive and severe schemas than non-criminal / non-treated males (including more EMS domains). Discussion: The study revealed nine early maladaptive schemas characterising the specific mind-set of male sex offender convicts. The results seem to illustrate well the genesis of the formation of a disordered personality as described by J. Young within the schema therapy concept. In the context of the cited studies, these structures – in addition to their important role in the development of psychopathology – appear to contribute to sexual offending. Conclusions: The conclusion emerging from the findings is that EMS are an important problem for Individuals involved in sexual offending. A consideration of these schemas in the psychotherapy of CSO’s would help develop new and effective therapeutic protocols designed to treat that particular population and reduce the rate of repeat offending.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2024-07
Market mindset can increase allocations in the trust game through proportional thinking
Prior research has demonstrated that adopting the market mindset hinders interpersonal trust. In the present work, we show that this effect is not universal, as trust can rise when people with the market mindset perceive the situation as resembling market-pricing principles. We start with showing that the Trust Game represents an interaction that people perceive as being more similar to market-pricing relationships rather than to communal-sharing relationships (Pilot Study; N = 114). In a series of three experiments, we then demonstrate that (1) compared to controls, participants with the market mindset make larger allocations in the Trust Game (Experiment 1; N = 131); (2) this effect is mediated by the motivation to use proportional thinking (preregistered Experiment 2; N = 581); and (3) compared to controls, people with the market mindset are more sensitive to proportions - their allocations in the Trust Game are significantly higher when multiplied by four compared to when multiplied by two (preregistered Experiment 3; N = 931).Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2023-02-20
A brief internet-based passive psychoeducation intervention to promote healthy relationships among young adults: a pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial
Harding-Brown, LaurenCowen, MeganBrickell, LarneChunara, AnisahCovelluzzi, ChiaraDarker, Kirsten O.Hill, EmilySaeed, RijjaVassiliou, ArgyroThis pilot RCT tested the potential efficacy of a brief internet-based, passive psychoeducation intervention, Free From Abuse, in promoting healthy relationships among young adults. Participants aged 18-24 years were randomly assigned to an intervention-treatment (n = 71) or a placebo-control condition (n = 77). Participants in the treatment arm had a larger increase in recognition of abusive behaviour and reduction in domestic violence myth acceptance scores than participants in the control arm post-intervention and after one week. This study provides preliminary evidence that brief internet-based passive psychoeducation is potentially useful in promoting healthy relationships among young adults.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2024-07-19
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of moral foundations in argumentation
This paper introduces moral argument analytics, a technology that provides insights into the use of moral arguments in discourse. We analyse five socio-political corpora of argument annotated data from offline and online discussions, totalling 240k words with 9k arguments, with an average annotation accuracy of 78%. Using a lexicon-based method, we automatically annotate these arguments with moral foundations, achieving an estimated accuracy of 83%. Quantitative analysis allows us to observe statistical patterns and trends in the use of moral arguments, whereas qualitative analysis enables us to understand and explain the communication strategies in the use of moral arguments in different settings. For instance, supporting arguments often rely on Loyalty and Authority, while attacking arguments use Care. We find that online discussions exhibit a greater diversity of moral foundations and a higher negative valence of moral arguments. Online arguers often rely more on Harm rather than Care, Degradation rather than Sanctity. These insights have significant implications for AI applications, particularly in understanding and predicting human and machine moral behaviours. This work contributes to the construction of more convincing messages and the detection of harmful or biased AI-generated synthetic content.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2023
Voluntariness of employees’ consent to the processing of personal data. Legal, psychological, and organizational aspects
Consent is crucial in the employee-employer relationship, with the employee often in a weaker position. Of particular concern is when the employee grants consent, giving the employer unilateral authorization to impinge on their autonomy. For consent to be genuine, it must be freely given without any coercion or specified content. This article explores the regulation of consent in the European Union’s personal data protection laws, highlighting the need for psychological considerations when legislating voluntary consent. The legal definition of voluntary consent for sharing and processing personal data is analyzed, and empirical research raises doubts about the true autonomy of employees when giving or withdrawing consent. The result of the study shows that employees may feel pressured to provide consent, as their livelihood and that of their family may depend on it. Employers should be aware of these issues. In conclusion, we indicate that consent as a tool for shaping the legal position of employees should be abandoned or only permitted in exceptional cases, taking into account both legal and psychological considerations and implementing additional protective measures.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article