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- 2026-02-25
A Brief Form of the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale – Validation of the SWE-Short (S-SWE)
Mark Davis's (1999) theoretical model of empathy has garnered significant interest from researchers, as the multidimensional approach to empathy has been shown to be both theoretically and practically valid. The Polish adaptation of the empathy measurement method (Kaźmierczak et al., 2007) has proven effective across numerous studies, though one limitation is the scale's length (28 items). Motivated by successful efforts to develop shorter empathy scales (Grevenstein, 2020; Ingoglia et al., 2016), we set out to create a brief version of the scale in Polish. Based on the results of CFA conducted on two independent samples (n1 = 1841; n2 = 1835), we propose a 15-item version of the SWE-short (referred to as S-SWE). Similar to the 2007 version, the Polish SWE-short comprises three components: Empathic Concern, Personal Distress, and Perspective Taking. The analyses provide strong evidence that the SWE-short aligns well with the theoretically predicted model. While the reliabilities of all subscales are comparable to or slightly lower than those of the full version (Kaźmierczak et al., 2007), they are consistent with the results obtained by Davis (1980). Notably, negatively worded items were removed, as recommended by earlier research (Ingoglia et al., 2016). The intercorrelations between the empathy dimensions remained consistent with those observed in the original SWE. Convergent validity of the short version of the scale was also confirmed. Two from the SWE-short subscales were negatively correlated with psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism. Additionally, measurement invariance between women and men was examined, and no significant differences due to measurement bias were identified.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2026-01
Zakaz reklamy lekarzy weterynarii w Polsce a prawo Unii Europejskiej. Analiza zgodności zakresu regulacji krajowych z prawem unijnym
The purpose of this article is to analyse the compliance of Polish regulations prohibiting veterinary surgeons from advertising with EU law, particularly Directive 2006/123/EC on in the internal market and Directive 2000/31/EC on certain aspects of electronic commerce. Particular attention is given to the impact of this compliance (or lack thereof) on disciplinary proceedings against members of the profession. The analysis indicates that Polish regulations, including Article 29 of the Act on Veterinary Facilities and Resolution No. 116/2008/IV of the National Veterinary Council, violate the EU principle of the free movement of services, specifically the right of veterinary surgeons to use commercial communications. This non-com-pliance necessitates the application of the principle of the primacy of EU law, meaning that disciplinary courts should consider EU regulations as ‘more lenient laws’ within the meaning of Article 4 § 1 of the Penal Code. The findings highlight the need to align Polish regulations with EU standards, ensuring that veterinary surgeons can use permissible forms of promotion in a manner consistent with professional ethics and the protection of the public interest.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2026-03-26
Socjologia refleksyjna w praktyce: znaczenie klasy w badaniach biograficznych
The article presents a research project investigating the biographical experiences of upward mobility and class reproduction. The project involved biographical-narrative interviews with academics, artists, and business managers who had experienced intergenerational upward mobility over the course of their lives or who were following in the career paths of at least one of their parents. The article focuses on methodological aspects. Drawing on the principles of reflexive sociology, particular attention is given to the role of the researchers’ positionality throughout the research process and the need to continuously contextualize it in the course of teamwork. Given the focus of the research on class and biography, it is important to consider class in a rigorous manner as a key category influencing the situation of the biographical interview, the interpretation of the collected material, the emotional labor of the researchers, and the dynamics of the research team.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2026-03-26
The Return of Selective Young Adult Migration: Post-Brexit Reversal of Poland’s EU Accession Migration Trends
This article explores how Brexit has reversed migration trends shaped by Poland’s 2004 EU accession, focusing on young adults aged 19–34. Using data from the Polish Labour Force Survey (2015–2019) and the Migrant Selectivity Index (MSI), it traces shifts in the socio-demographic profiles of Polish migrants. Key findings include a masculinisation of migration flows, a decline in tertiary-educated migrants, and growing mobility among individuals with intermediate education from ru ral areas—patterns resembling pre-accession dynamics. These changes reflect labour market realignments, with Germany surpassing the UK as the top destination. The study argues that Brexit not only disrupted post-accession migration but reactivated older selectivity mechanisms, reshaping human capital flows within the EU. By quantifying selectivity, it offers new insights into how geopolitical shifts affect labour mobility, regional development, and transnational skill distribution.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2026
Citizenship Behaviors and Their Associations With Depression and Perceived Stress Among University Students in Taiwan
Hung, Chi-FaLee, Kuan-LinOstafińska-Molik, BarbaraGrabski, BartoszLudwik, MagdalenaLin, Chung-YingYen, Cheng-FangBackground: Citizenship behaviors are crucial in fostering social progress. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30-General Version (CBQ-30-GV) among Taiwanese university students. It also examined the association of citizenship behaviors with depression and perceived stress. Methods: A total of 1000 university students participated in an online survey. To evaluate the factor structure of the CBQ-30-GV, five competing models were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore, internal consistency was assessed, and concurrent validity was examined by analyzing the correlations between CBQ-30-GV scores and subjective well-being, as measured using the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment Well-being (PERMA)-Profiler. Moreover, the correlations of citizenship behaviors with depression (measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and perceived stress (measured using the Perceived Stress Scale) were investigated using Pearson correlations. Results: The findings supported a bifactor structure for the CBQ-30-GV, comprising seven specific factors and a general factor, with satisfactory model fit. The CBQ-30-GV demonstrated adequate internal consistency, and all seven specific and general factor scores were significantly and positively correlated with PERMA-Profiler scores (r = 0.080 to 0.490; p < 0.001). The general factor and the majority of specific factor scores of the CBQ-30-GV were significantly and negatively associated with depression (r = –0.426 to –0.135; p < 0.001) and perceived stress (r = –0.346 to –0.165; p < 0.001), whereas the factor scores for political activity and activity for change exhibited either positive or nonsignificant associations with depression and perceived stress. Conclusions: These findings confirm the bifactor structure of the CBQ-30-GV and its acceptable internal reliability and concurrent validity. They indicate that most of the CBQ-30-GV specific factor scores negatively correlated with depression and perceived stress.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article