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- 2026-07-22
The Parenthood Regret Scale among Italian parents: psychometric evidence and network associations with parental identity, reflective functioning, parenting behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics
Parenthood regret, a feeling arising from the judgment that the decision to have children was wrong and the belief that an alternative choice would have led to a better life, is influenced by various demographic, relational, and contextual factors. Despite its significance, large-scale studies on parenthood regret employing validated measures have only emerged in recent years, and our understanding of the phenomenon is in its infancy. This research aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Parenthood Regret Scale (PRS) and expand on its relation with parental identity, reflective functioning, parenting behaviors, and relevant sociodemographics using a network approach. Data were collected from 3,165 parents (81.93% mothers) residing in Italy with children aged 0–18. Study 1 (N = 1,914 parents; 82.34% mothers) assessed the PRS’s factorial structure and invariance across parent gender. Study 2 (N = 1,251 parents; 81.29% mothers) examined the associations among parenthood regret, reflective functioning, parental identity, parenting behaviors, and sociodemographic variables. The PRS exhibited strong psychometric properties and invariance between mothers and fathers. Additionally, the network analysis indicated that parenthood regret showed stronger links to higher reconsideration of commitment, lower identity commitment, higher pre-mentalizing modes, and greater parental rejection. Finally, parenthood regret showed small associations with younger parent age, being a father, unplanned pregnancy, non-partnered status, and raising a child with physical or psychological difficulties. The findings confirm the PRS as a reliable measure for assessing parenthood regret in the Italian context and identify its key correlates.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2026-11
Borderline personality mediates the link between attachment insecurities and subjective working memory deficits: The role of pre‐emptive and post‐emptive strategies
Individuals with attachment insecurities, particularly attachment anxiety, often report subjective working memory deficits (SWMD). However, the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. In this project, we propose that borderline personality disorder (BPD) features help explain this link. We tested this model across three studies, including one preregistered study, conducted with Russian, Turkish, and Polish samples. In Study 1, both attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted SWMD, with the former effect being stronger than the latter. The indirect effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on SWMD via BPD were significant, with the former effect being stronger as the latter. Study 2 introduced gaze anxiety as an additional mediator, revealing that attachment avoidance had stronger indirect effects via gaze anxiety, a potential pre-emptive strategy, while attachment anxiety's effect was stronger via BPD, a potential post-emptive pathway. In preregistered Study 3, reflective functioning mediated the associations between attachment insecurities and SWMD, contrary to our moderation hypothesis. Importantly, relationships between attachment anxiety and SWMD remained robust after controlling for personality traits and personality disorders. Results are consistent with the role of different regulatory strategies in explaining how attachment insecurities contribute to subjective cognitive difficulties.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2026-10-01
Can the rights of the child be a justification for human rights violations?
This article examines how Hungarian law restricts the rights of media creators, focusing on the delicate balance between protecting children’s rights and preserving fundamental freedoms. The research method involves a thorough analysis of case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), alongside a review of legal doctrine and relevant interdisciplinary studies. The Hungarian government has implemented legal measures that justify restricting media content under the guise of child protection, particularly in areas related to gender, sexuality, and family values. The article critically assesses whether such laws, which restrict the freedom of expression of media creators, can be legitimately justified by the need to protect children. By analysing the jurisprudence of the CJEU and ECtHR, the study highlights the tension between the protection of minors and the infringement on the rights of media creators. It explores how these legal frameworks have dealt with similar issues, assessing the balance between child protection and freedom of expression in both the European and international contexts. Ultimately, the article raises key questions about the limits of justifiable legal restrictions, arguing for a careful reconsideration of the relationship between protecting children and upholding fundamental human rights.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2024-09-06
Parental Burnout Among Parents of Children with Disabilities and Chronic Illnesses
The purpose of this study was to assess the severity of parental burnout among parents of children with disabilities and chronic illness. It was hypothesized that parents of children with disabilites/ilnesses would be characterized by higher levels of parental burnout and that their child’s disability and chronic illness would moderate the relationship of parental burnout with sociodemographic factors. The study was conducted with 254 parents (Mage = 35.37; SDage = 5.80) with children aged from 1 month to 35 years, 22% of whom had a child with a disability or chronic illness. The Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) questionnaire was used to verify the research hypotheses. The correlation analyses conducted showed that parents of children with disabilities had higher levels of parental burnout, and as the degree of constraints related to the child’s difficulties increased, the level of parental burnout increased. The results of moderation analyses showed that the relationship between the number of children and parental burnout was statistically significant. Similar relationships were not found concerning the relationship of parental burnout and having a child under five or the gender of the parent. The study indicates that there are relationships between having a child with a disability or chronic illness, the degree of their impairment, and parental burnout.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article - 2026
Cognitive emotion regulation as a mediator of trait anxiety and relational aggression in romantic relationships of heteronormative individuals and members of the LGBTQI community
This study aims to examine the link of trait anxiety on relational aggression, with the presence of cognitive emotion regulation as a moderator. We measure the anxiety as a trait as a predictor for displaying aggressive behaviours. Moreover, the influence of individual maladaptive strategies was assessed using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire on the level of relational aggression. The study involved 169 participants; in terms of sexual orientation, the respondents were divided nearly equally: heterosexual (n = 85), and LGBTQI group (n = 84). The data were collected through online surveys and paper methods. The eligibility criteria for participation included being an adult (age ≥ 18) and having been in at least one romantic relationship in the past and/or currently. The analysis results revealed that cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between trait anxiety and relational aggression. Individuals with higher levels of trait anxiety and maladaptive strategies demonstrated significantly higher levels of relational aggression. An analysis of group differences showed that mean of relational aggression towards a romantic partner was higher in the non-heterosexual group. Additionally, the mean use of maladaptive strategies was higher in the non-heterosexual group, while the average use of adaptive strategies was higher in the heterosexual group. The primary goal of this study was to examine whether cognitive emotion plays a mediating role in the relationship between trait anxiety and relational aggression in heterosexual group and members of the LGBTQI group, as the literature explores these links separately. The key aspect was to determine whether a filter in the form of a range of adaptive and maladaptive strategies influenced the occurrence of relational aggression among individuals high on trait anxiety.Otwarty dostępArtykułyJournal article