Artykuły

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 810
  • 2025-07-06
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    Anxiety and inhibitory control in women cycling naturally and women taking oral contraceptives

    Kowalczyk, Melanie
    Kornacka, Monika
    Krejtz, Izabela
    Elevated levels of anxiety are related to longer response times on tasks assessing inhibition, the ability to restrain automatic responses. The literature shows inconsistent results regarding the link between oral contraceptives (OC), anxiety, and inhibition. The present project aimed to compare anxiety levels and inhibitory control towards emotional words, including those eliciting anxiety, in naturally cycling (NC) women and women taking OC containing androgenic progestins or OC containing anti-androgenic progestins. We present two studies: a cross-sectional study with 240 women and a daily diary study with 89 women. There was no difference in anxiety levels between OC users and NC women in both studies. The daily diary study showed a significant difference between groups with anti-androgenic OC users always having the longest response times. Future studies could focus on the link between the different components of OC and inhibitory control as it can be linked to anxiety symptoms in women.
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  • 2023-12-13
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    Exhibition of works by Grzegorz Sztabiński at The University of Łódź, entitled hommage à Grzegorz Sztabiński – "continued...", as a contribution to the analysis of ways of looking at a work of art

    Pawłowska, Aneta
    Krejtz, Izabela
    Wisiecka, Katarzyna
    The article addresses the issue of confronting theoretical thought in the field of aesthe­tics with the results of apparatus measurements. The exhibition of works by the painter and in­stallation artist Professor Grzegorz Sztabiński (1946-2020), presented in Łódź from 20.05.2022 to 20.07.2022 at Wozownia Gallery, became a pretext for conducting an experimental study rela­ted to the distribution of visual attention of its audience. Two people were surveyed: a layperson in the field of visual arts and an expert art historian. The intimate exhibition seen through their eyes provides a pretext for comparing theoretical complexities associated with the reception of a work of art (by such thinkers and philosophers as Aristotle, Hannah Arendt, Rudolf Arnheim or Władysław Strzemiński) with the results of objective analyses obtained using portable eye-tracking devices – Pupil Labs Invisible.
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  • 2025-07-11
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    Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan

    Hung, Chifa
    Chudzicka-Czupała, Agata
    Zalewska, Anna
    Ostafińska-Malik, Barbara
    Ludwik, Magdalena
    Grabski, Bartosz
    Lin, Chung-Ying
    Yen, Cheng-Fang
    Background The Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version (CBQ-30-GV) evaluates multidimensional citizenship behaviors (CBs), yet its measurement invariance across country and gender groups remains unexamined. This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across country (Poland vs. Taiwan) and gender (female vs. male) groups. Methods A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was employed. A total of 1062 Polish and 1000 Taiwanese university students completed online surveys. Three nested multigroup confirmatory factor analysis models—a configural model, a metric invariance model, and a scalar invariance model—were tested in a bifactor framework incorporating a general CB factor and several specific CB factors to assess the measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across country and gender groups. Results The configural model exhibited good fit (comparative fit index = 0.924), supporting the bifactor structure. However, no full invariance across country groups was established. Partial invariance was achieved by relaxing certain item loadings, indicating that Polish and Taiwanese students may interpret some items differently. By contrast, full invariance was supported across gender groups. Conclusion The CBQ-30-GV is suitable for assessing multidimensional CBs among university students. However, cross-country comparisons between Polish and Taiwanese students should be conducted with caution as a result of partial invariance. The measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across gender groups is supported, supporting its use for comparing CBs between female and male students in the future.
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  • 2025-04-24
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    Question-based computational language approach outperform ratings scale in discriminating between anxiety and depression

    Tabesh, Mona
    Mirström, Mariam
    Böhme, Rebecca Astrid
    Lasota, Marta
    Javaherian, Yousef
    Agbotsoka-Guiter, Thibaud
    Sikström, Sverker
    Major Depression (MD) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) are the most common mental health disorders, which typically are assessed quantitatively by rating scales such as PHQ-9 and GAD-7. However, recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) have opened up the possibility of question-based computational language assessment (QCLA). Here we investigate how accurate open-ended questions, using descriptive keywords or autobiographical narratives, can discriminate between participants that self-reported diagnosis of depression and anxiety, or health control. The results show that both language and rating scale measures can discriminate well, however, autobiographical narratives discriminate best between healthy and anxiety (ϕ = 1.58), as well as healthy and depression (ϕ = 1.38). Descriptive keywords, and to a certain extent autobiographical narratives, also discriminate better than summed scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 (ϕ=0.80 in discrimination between anxiety and depression), but not when individual items of these scales were analyzed by ML (ϕ=0.86 and ϕ=0.91 in item-level analysis of PHQ-9 and GAD-7, respectively). Combining the scales consistently elevated the discrimination even more (ϕ=1.39 in comparison between depression and anxiety), both in item-level and sum-scores analyses. These results indicate that QCLA measures often, but not in all cases, are better than standardized rating scales for assessment of depression and anxiety. Implication of these findings for mental health assessments are discussed.
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  • 2025-07-09
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    Inside information under MiCAR – What have we not learned from MAR?

    Rycerski, Adrian
    MiCAR, just like MAR, uses the concept of reasonable market participant as a requirement (not alone) for the emergence of inside information. Creating the concept of idealistic market participants is inadequate in both the financial instruments market and the crypto-assets market, although it is particularly unfortunate in the latter. Crypto-assets are characterized by tremendous diversity, high price volatility, the market is speculative, and the ‘investors’ in it themselves have a high tendency for risk and frequent change of assets in their portfolio. Given the above problems, instead of the current vague definition, the categories of information that are subject to disclosure could be explicitly settled, thereby eliminating excessive costs and regulatory risks for obliged entities. We should strongly consider the enactment of separate rules and ad-hoc disclosure requirements for different crypto-assets. Moreover, contrary to MAR, ad-hoc disclosure obligation in MiCAR is addressed to three categories of entities. This can result in the actualization of disclosure obligation with regard to the same inside information parallel to more than one entity. The increasing use of crypto-assets, in some cases, may also lead to the parallel applicability of MAR and MiCAR to the same issuer, which may cause huge practical problems.
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