Artykuły

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  • 2025-01-19
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    Opinia prawna dotycząca przedstawionego przez Prezydium Sejmu projektu uchwały w sprawie zmiany Regulaminu Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (druk nr 389)

    Chmaj, Marek
    The legal analysis deals with the assessment of the Presidium’s draft resolution of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland amending the Standing Orders of the Sejm and aimed at enhancing the efficiency of legislative and pre-legislative procedures. The draft resolution envisages the introduction of a mandatory regulatory impact assessment (RIA) of bills tabled by deputies, as well as the obligation to conduct public consultations, with the objective of strengthening transparency and fostering social participation in the legislative procedure. The proposed amendments aim as well to limit the use of the so-called fast-track legislative procedures in order to improve the quality of the law that is enacted and prevent potential procedural abuses. The proposed amendments meet the commitments arising from the so-called milestones of the recovery and resilience plan adopted by the European Union; their implementation was not completed within the prescribed timeline. The author’s assessment of the compliance of the draft resolution with the principles of sound legislation and the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland is unequivocally positive. Nevertheless, he underscores that it is necessary to clarify the provisions establishing the option of not conducting public consultations and the provisions laying down the conditions for expediting the legislative procedure, so that potential interpretative ambiguities and the risk of using the ambiguities instrumentally can be avoided.
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  • 2025-06-30
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    Marszałek Sejmu jako organ wykonujący obowiązki Prezydenta – systemowe ujęcie konstytucyjne

    Chmaj, Marek
    The article analyzes the constitutional conditions for the performance of the President of the Republic of Poland’s duties by the Speaker of the Sejm (or Senate), arising from the lack of the vice president institution. It discusses the adopted solution, which leads to the temporary assumption of the head of state’s role by an organ with narrower democratic legitimacy. The analysis is based on the interpretation of constitutional provisions and their impact on the system of government. The author indicates that the Speaker only temporarily performs the President’s duties, highlighting the exceptional nature of this solution. This mechanism does not alter the Speaker’s constitutional position nor confer full legitimacy as head of state. Such a solution reduces the risk of destabilization of executive power but simultaneously raises questions about the scope and limits of the competencies of the person performing the President’s duties.
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  • 2026-03-05
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    The role of attention to the mouth of talking faces for vocabulary skills during toddlerhood: Does language familiarity still matter?

    Lozano, Itziar
    Duszyk-Bogorodzka, Anna
    Ribu, Ingeborg Sophie
    Laudańska, Zuzanna
    Szmytke, Magdalena
    Dynak, Agnieszka
    Falkiewicz, Natalia
    Fryzowska, Ewelina
    Ogonowska, Wiktoria
    Krupa-Gaweł, Karolina
    Rummelhoff, Cecilie
    Laumann, Lisa
    Tomalski, Przemysław
    Gram Garmann, Nina
    Haman, Ewa
    Jessica Sullivan
    Shauna Cooper
    This study investigated the language expertise hypothesis on mouth-looking in toddlerhood and explored potential culture and sex effects. Polish and Norwegian 18- and-24-month-olds (N = 101; 44.55% females; data collected 2022–2024) viewed a speaker telling a story in familiar and unfamiliar languages. Toddlers showed more mouth-than-eyes looking across age groups, suggesting more mouth interest. They also showed greater mouth-looking in familiar languages, indicating language familiarity effects. Toddlers with larger vocabularies showed more mouth-looking in unfamiliar languages, possibly seeking helpful phonological-visual cues. These data show that mouth-looking continues supporting language development in toddlerhood in ways related to prior language experience. Exploratory analyses showed important differences in language acquisition and mouth-looking by language or culture and sex; potential mechanisms for such effects are discussed.
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  • 2026-05-12
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    Welcoming Refugees from Ukraine in the European Union: Does Solidarity Matter?

    Czeranowska, Olga
    Salamońska, Justyna
    Full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine in February 2022 has triggered a large influx of refugees into the countries of the European Union. Against the backdrop of this new refugee crisis, we analyse the correlates of attitudes towards welcoming refugees from Ukraine in the EU. Theoretically, we draw on some of the main frameworks used to study attitudes. In addition, we examine the value of solidarity that is expected to positively influence the welcoming of refugees. Europeans appear to be overwhelmingly favourable towards accepting Ukrainian refugees, but the attitude is more positive in the “old” EU member states. Using multilevel binominal logistic regression on crossnational Eurobarometer data, we find that people who experience economic scarcity and those who are worse off in the labour market are more likely to be against accepting refugees. A key finding is that a commitment to solidarity as a personal value is associated with a more favourable attitude towards accepting Ukrainian refugees in the EU. At the country level, the border with Ukraine (or with a country directly bordering Ukraine) is associated with a more exclusionary attitude, reflecting the extent to which an actual and potential large influx of asylum-seekers can be seen as a threat.
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  • 2025-11-14
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    "My suitcases are still not fully unpacked”: Ukrainian refugee mothers under Norwegian temporary collective protection

    Anjum, Gulnaz
    Isaac, Laure
    Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Halina
    Mazurowska, Karolina
    Purpose: This study explores the lived experiences of Ukrainian refugee mothers who have resettled in Norway under the temporary collective protection scheme. In particular, the research investigates how structural integration mechanisms, psychosocial well-being, and individual aspirations intersect in shaping adaptation processes. Methods: A qualitative design was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with ten Ukrainian refugee mothers residing across different Norwegian municipalities. Analysis was conducted within a critical-realist and contextualist stance using reflexive thematic analysis, with attention to both systemic constraints and agentic responses. Results: Three overarching themes were identified. First, Introduction Programme (IP) Misalignment captures participants’ frustrations with the one-size-fits-all integration model, with particular emphasis on language barriers and the non-recognition of premigration professional qualifications. Second, the State of Limbo reflects the psychological distress associated with temporary protection status, ongoing uncertainty, and dependency on welfare mechanisms. Third, Commitment to Staying highlights a future-oriented stance marked by resilience, maternal responsibility, and appreciation for Norwegian safety and values. Discussion: The findings demonstrate that while Ukrainian refugee mothers in Norway face significant institutional and psychological challenges, they also exhibit high levels of motivation and adaptive resilience. Structural barriers compound feelings of liminality and hinder full participation in Norwegian society.
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