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  • 2025
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    Niceness fosters cooperativeness through social connectedness

    Cooperation is critical for successfully functioning close relationships, workplaces, local communities, and civil society. In this research, we examined whether people’s cooperativeness is fostered by their acting nicely in everyday social interactions. In cross-sectional correlational Study 1 involving an online sample (N = 463), we found that the propensity for niceness was positively correlated with cooperativeness, and this relationship was partially explained by social connectedness. Next, in a field multilevel experiment involving students working in teams (N = 164), we confirmed the causal positive effect of acting nicely toward teammates on teamwork satisfaction and attitudes toward cooperation through a sense of connectedness. Our findings could be used across various domains of life to enhance cooperation by promoting and training niceness.
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  • 2025-01-27
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    Experimental paradigm to test the effects of providing social support: study protocol of the PROSPECT trial (Study 2)

    Background A growing body of research suggests that the provision of social support can have benefits not only for the recipients but also for the provider. Although initial evidence for affective, self-evaluative and physiological outcomes has been established, the beneficial effects of support provision do not occur consistently across all support interactions, and some interactions may even have detrimental effects on providers. The aim of our experimental paradigm is to enable researchers to test the conditions under which the provision of social support to dyadic partners affects affective, self-evaluative, physiological, and relationship outcomes for the provider. In line with self-determination theory, it is proposed that the provision of support is only beneficial to the provider if it satisfies the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. The paradigm allows for the manipulation of the provider's levels of competence (feedback on the effectiveness of their support to the other person) and relatedness (feedback on the alleged level of relatedness perceived by the partner person following the provision of support). Methods A priori power analyses resulted in a planned sample size of 250 participants randomized to four conditions: 1) no support provision, 2) support provision without feedback, 3) support provision with feedback on competence, 4) support provision with feedback on relatedness. Primary outcomes are immediate physiological (saliva cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure), affective (positive and negative affect, anxiety), self-evaluative (e.g., self-esteem) and relationship outcomes. Generalized linear models will be used to compare the four conditions. Discussion In a controlled laboratory experiment, this new experimental paradigm manipulates the conditions under which social support is provided. Insights into the conditions under which the provision of social support is detrimental or beneficial to the provider can inform the development of preventive and interventional approaches across a range of life domains, motivational and developmental research across the lifespan (e.g. prevention of care-giver burnout), and applied clinical contexts (e.g. therapeutic interventions).
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    A virtual assistant can persuade you to get vaccinated against the flu. Online dialogue as a tool of social influence in promoting vaccinations

    Declining acceptance of vaccinations poses a severe challenge to public health. This study delves into the effectiveness of online dialogue in shaping vaccination attitudes amidst this concerning trend. In today's digital age, utilizing the Internet for public health interventions seems crucial. We developed the FLORA application to engage users in health discussions through a conversational agent and tested it in two experiments. The first (N=903) assessed the impact of online dialogue on vaccine willingness, while the second (N=870) included a direct vaccination request. The results revealed a noticeable increase in vaccination intention among participants engaged in the interactive dialogue ending with a request. These findings highlight the potential of online dialogue to convey information about vaccines and support healthcare efforts effectively.
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  • 2025-01-29
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    What Do Young People Want to Know about Sex, and Where Do They Look for Answers? Case Study of Poland

    Bilarzewska, Julia
    Ladra, Sara
    Neter, Julia
    Marciniak, Izabela
    The survey included 341 people aged 18–30 who answered the following questions: What sex-uality-related question have you wanted answered recently? Were you able to get an answer to this question? Where did you try to find the answer to your question? The sources of knowledge about sexuality that the respondents valued were also checked. The responses were subject to thematic analysis. Analysis of the responses revealed five major topics containing 39 themes. The topics were sexual health (the most frequently sought answers concerned contraception, physiology and anatomy), sexual activity (the most frequent question concerned anal sex), sexual pleasure (the most frequent theme concerned orgasm), psychology and relationships (the most frequent theme concerned the quality of desire and sex in long-term relationships), and socio-cultural knowledge (the dominant theme concerned genderidentity and sexual orientation). The most common source of knowledge is the Internet, mainly social media. The results indicate a significant need for even elementary education on anatomy, physiology and contraception. Questions related to the impact of pornography and the need for respondents to understand rapid social changes, including diverse orientations and identities, are also prevalent.
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  • 2025-02-14
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    Well-being of Ukrainian and Polish college students during the Russo-Ukrainian war and coping strategies as predictors of mental health disorders

    Hao, Fengyi
    Hapon, Nadiya
    Dubniak, Zlatyslav
    Różycka, Weronika
    Ostafińska-Molik, Barbara
    Ho, Roger
    The aim of the study was to compare mental health outcomes, coping strategies, and well-being between Ukrainian and Polish college students during the Russo-Ukrainian War. the sample included a total of 1,286 Ukrainian and Polish college students. an online survey was conducted using the Dass-21, PeRMa-Profiler, and Brief-cOPe questionnaires were collected. Pearson correlation and seM analyses were performed to assess the relationships between the variables. Polish college students reported significantly higher levels of depression (p < 0.001) and stress (p < 0.001) compared to Ukrainian college students. avoidant coping was positively linked to psychological distress in both groups (p < 0.001). Problem-focused coping was a protective factor for depression (p < 0.05), anxiety (p < 0.05), and stress (p < 0.005). socio-demographic factors, such as female gender (Polish: p < 0.05 for depression, p < 0.001 for anxiety and stress; Ukrainian: p < 0.001 for anxiety and stress), poor financial status (Polish: p < 0.001 for depression, anxiety, and stress; Ukrainian: p < 0.05 for depression), and young age (Polish: p < 0.05 for anxiety; Ukrainian: p < 0.001 for anxiety, p < 0.005 for stress) were associated with poor mental health among Polish and Ukrainian college students. the study underscores the need for targeted, gender-sensitive, and financially supportive interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of college students affected by the Russo-Ukrainian War.
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