Null and overt pronouns and subordinate clauses in Catalan Easy Language : An eye-tracking study on adults with and without intellectual disabilities

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Authors
González-Sordé, Mariona
Soler-Vilageliu, Olga
Krejtz, Izabela
Krejtz, Krzysztof
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Date
2026-02-03
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Paralleles
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2102-4316
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https://www.paralleles.unige.ch/latest-contributions/gonzalez-sorde
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2026-02-03
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
Easy Language guidelines discourage the use of full overt pronouns and subordinate clauses. This study examines how manipulating these linguistic elements influences perceived reading difficulty, reader preference, and the cognitive effort involved in text processing. We also assessed the effects of null and overt pronouns on content comprehension. 26 adults with intellectual disabilities and 26 neurotypical adults participated in a mixed-design experiment involving two reading tasks. For both tasks, we recorded participants’ eye movements while they rated the perceived difficulty and reported their preference. Additionally, Task 1 included open-ended comprehension questions. The linguistic elements only had significant effects on fixation patterns and focal attention. Crucially, they did not significantly alter perceived text difficulty. These findings suggest that including subordinate clauses does not significantly hinder comprehension. However, further research is essential to guide the future development of Easy Language, as evidence is still limited regarding its additional linguistic and graphic features and the needs of different target groups.
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Keywords PL
Keywords EN
Easy Language
eye tracking
intellectual disability
pronouns
subordinate clauses
accessibility
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Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 3. Good Health and Well-being ,
SDG 4. Quality Education
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https://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2224
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cc-by
Except as otherwise noted, this item is licensed under the Attribution licence | Permitted use of copyrighted works
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ParallèlesNull and overt pronouns and subordinate clauses in Catalan Easy Language
ParallèlesNull and overt pronouns and subordinate clauses in Catalan Easy Language(968.86 KB)
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