Null and overt pronouns and subordinate clauses in Catalan Easy Language : An eye-tracking study on adults with and without intellectual disabilities

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cris.lastimport.scopus2026-03-24T04:10:15Z
dc.abstract.enEasy Language guidelines discourage the use of full overt pronouns and subordinate clauses. This study examines how manipulating these linguistic elements influences perceived reading difficulty, reader preference, and the cognitive effort involved in text processing. We also assessed the effects of null and overt pronouns on content comprehension. 26 adults with intellectual disabilities and 26 neurotypical adults participated in a mixed-design experiment involving two reading tasks. For both tasks, we recorded participants’ eye movements while they rated the perceived difficulty and reported their preference. Additionally, Task 1 included open-ended comprehension questions. The linguistic elements only had significant effects on fixation patterns and focal attention. Crucially, they did not significantly alter perceived text difficulty. These findings suggest that including subordinate clauses does not significantly hinder comprehension. However, further research is essential to guide the future development of Easy Language, as evidence is still limited regarding its additional linguistic and graphic features and the needs of different target groups.
dc.affiliationWydział Psychologii w Warszawie
dc.affiliationInstytut Psychologii
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Sordé, Mariona
dc.contributor.authorSoler-Vilageliu, Olga
dc.contributor.authorKrejtz, Izabela
dc.contributor.authorKrejtz, Krzysztof
dc.date.access2026-02-03
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-23T07:52:00Z
dc.date.available2026-03-23T07:52:00Z
dc.date.created2025
dc.date.issued2026-02-03
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.sdgGoodHealthAndWellBeing
dc.description.sdgQualityEducation
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.identifier.doi10.17462/para.2026.02.01
dc.identifier.eissn2296-6684
dc.identifier.issn2102-4316
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2224
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.paralleles.unige.ch/latest-contributions/gonzalez-sorde
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.rights.questionYes_rights
dc.share.articleOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enEasy Language
dc.subject.eneye tracking
dc.subject.enintellectual disability
dc.subject.enpronouns
dc.subject.ensubordinate clauses
dc.subject.enaccessibility
dc.swps.sciencecloudnosend
dc.titleNull and overt pronouns and subordinate clauses in Catalan Easy Language : An eye-tracking study on adults with and without intellectual disabilities
dc.title.journalParalleles
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle