Prolonged unemployment is associated with control loss and personal as well as social disengagement

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Authors
Soral, Wiktor
Bukowski, Marcin
Bilewicz, Michał
Cichocka, Aleksandra
Lewczuk, Karol
Marchlewska, Marta
Rabinovitch, Aleksandra
Rędzio, Anna
Skrodzka, Magdalena
Kofta, Mirosław
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Date
2024-08-02
Publisher
Journal title
Journal of Personality
Issue
Volume
Pages
Pages
1-22
DOI
ISSN
0022-3506
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Weblink
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopy.12967
Access date
2026-08-02
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
Objective and Background: The need for control is a fundamental human motivation, that when deprived can lead to broad and substantial changes in human behavior. We aimed to assess the consequences of control deprivation in a real-life situation that poses a severe threat to personal control: a prolonged unemployment. Method: Using a sample N = 1055 of unemployed (n = 748) versus working (n = 307) individuals, we examined predictions derived from two models of reactions to control deprivation: control-regaining and disengagement/withdrawal. Results and Conclusions: We found that length unemployment is correlated with a psychological state strongly interfering with psychological as well as social functioning. While control-regaining models of responding to lack of control have received virtually no support from our findings, our results provide evidence that long-term unemployed individuals are more disengaged than working individuals. They are more apathetic, less likely to engage in control-regaining efforts and in active forms of construing one's own future.
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Keywords PL
Keywords EN
control deprivation
disengagement
helplessness
unemployment
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https://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/835
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