Narcissism and self- esteem as predictors of exchange and communal relational orientations
Narcissism and self- esteem as predictors of exchange and communal relational orientations
StatusPost-Print
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Authors
Gąsiorowska, Agata
Kuźmińska, Anna O.
Zaleśkiewicz, Tomasz
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Date
2026-06-05
Publisher
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Personality and Individual Differences
Issue
Volume
262
Pages
Pages
1-11
ISSN
0191-8869
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Access date
2028-06-05
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
Interpersonal relationships vary in the extent to which they are regulated by communal norms of care and responsiveness versus exchange norms emphasizing proportionality and reciprocity. Although the consequences of these relational orientations are well-documented, their antecedents remain less well understood. We examined whether communal and exchange orientations reflect distinct self-regulatory strategies rooted in adaptive versus maladaptive forms of self-evaluation. In Study 1 (U.S. sample, N = 452), communal orientation toward a close relationship partner was positively associated with self-esteem and negatively associated with narcissism, whereas exchange orientation showed the opposite pattern, being strongly linked to narcissism and largely unrelated to self-esteem. Preregistered Study 2 (N = 1791, conducted in United States and South Africa) used a within-person design across multiple relationship targets. Multilevel structural equation modeling showed that relational closeness was a strong predictor of communal orientation but a weaker predictor of exchange orientation. Exchange orientation was consistently predicted by both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, particularly in close relationships, whereas communal orientation was only weakly related to individual differences. These findings suggest that communal orientation is primarily relationship-driven, whereas exchange orientation reflects a more stable, personality-linked strategy for regulating dependence and vulnerability in social relationships.
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Keywords PL
Keywords EN
Relational orientations
Communal orientation
Exchange orientation
Narcissism
Self-esteem
Closeness
Communal orientation
Exchange orientation
Narcissism
Self-esteem
Closeness
Keywords other
Sustainable Development Goals
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Zaufanie jako zjawisko polimorficzne. Psychologiczna specyfika zaufania w relacjach wspólnotowych i rynkowych
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