Eye-Tracking in Reading Research. A Systematic Review of Studies With Children of Varying Reading Ability
Eye-Tracking in Reading Research. A Systematic Review of Studies With Children of Varying Reading Ability
StatusVoR
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Authors
Papadopoulos, Timothy C.
Fella, Argyro
Acartürk, Cengiz
Bahçekapılı, Ekrem
Canaj, Kimete
Cergol, Kristina
Dinçtopal Deniz, Nazik
Hollenstein, Nora
Hržica, Gordana
Jozipović, Marija
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Date
2026-03-30
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European Psychologist
Issue
2
Volume
31
Pages
Pages
134-168
ISSN
1016-9040
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Access date
2026-04-08
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
Eye-tracking methods have become a valuable tool for reading research, as they provide significant evidence on the behavioral and cognitive performance of developing readers. They also help identify reading behavior patterns among children with neurodevelopmental conditions, such as reading difficulties (RD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we reviewed relevant literature (73 empirical studies) from 2008 to 2023 (15 years). We documented how reading performance was measured through eye-tracking methodology among typical and atypical readers across various languages. To ensure a rigorous and transparent review, we adhered to the PRISMA framework, defined keywords, established inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducted data extraction, and employed a multi-phase selection process. We focused on research samples, stimulus designs, independent variables, eye-tracking systems, and metrics. The results indicated that research involving typically developing children mainly included participants from primary school and employed various eye-tracking methods, with English being the most studied language. Studies on children with RD and ADHD varied significantly in participants’ sample sizes, languages, and experimental designs. The discussion emphasizes the need for standardized data-collection procedures to enhance the reliability and comparability of findings, thereby supporting the development of effective interventions and instructional methods for reading difficulties.
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Keywords PL
Keywords EN
eye-tracking methods
review
typically developing children (TDC)
reading difficulties (RD)
standardized procedures
review
typically developing children (TDC)
reading difficulties (RD)
standardized procedures
Keywords other
Sustainable Development Goals
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