Artykuły (zamknięty dostęp)
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- 2024-06-17
Development of a culture-common formal characteristics of behavior – temperament markers inventory (FCB-TMI-CC)
Zawadzki, BogdanCremeans-Smith, Julie K.Alessandri, GuildoBielak, PatrykCamino, VictoriaJung Cha, EunCho, YunkyungDobrowolski, PawełFajkowska, MałgorzataFilosa, LorenzoFruehstorfer, David B.Galarregui, MarinaGoldfarb, RocioHyun, Myoung-HoKalinina, ZhannaKeegan, EduardoMambetalina, AliyaMcHugh, LouiseMiracco, MarianaOshio, AtsushiPark, ChowonPartarrieu, AndresDe Rosa, LorenaSabirova, RaikhanSamekin, AdilSánchez, EmilianoSarno, MariaTarruella, CeciliaTulekova, Gulmira M.Tuyakovna Topanova, GulmiraThe goal was to create a brief temperament inventory grounded in the Regulative Theory of Temperament (FCB-TMI-CC), with a user-friendly, online applicability for studies in different cultures. As the regulative role of temperament is strongly revealed under meaningful stress, the study was planned within the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure high diversity in terms of culture, economic and environmental conditions, data from nine countries (Poland, United States of America, Italy, Japan, Argentina, South Korea, Ireland, United Kingdom and Kazakhstan) were utilized (min. N = 200 per country). Validation data were gathered on the level of COVID-19 stressors, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, and Big Five personality traits. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis served as the basis for the inventory’s construction. The final culture-common version includes 37 items (5–6 in each of the 7 scales) and covers the core aspects of temperament dimensions. Temperament structure was confirmed to be equivalent across measured cultures. The measurement is invariant at the level of factor loadings and the reliability (internal consistency) and theoretical validity of the scales were at least acceptable. Therefore, the FCB-TMI-CC may serve as a valuable tool for studying temperament across diverse cultures and facilitate cross-cultural comparisons.Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Review article - 2023-05
Family First: Evidence of Consistency and Variation in the Value of Family Versus Personal Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures
Krys, KubaYeung, June ChunHaas, Brian W.van Osch, YvetteKosiarczyk, AleksandraKocimska-Zych, AgataTorres, ClaudioSelim, Heyla A.Zelenski, John M.Bond, Michael HarrisPark, JoonhaMiu-Chi Lun, VivianMaricchiolo, FridannaVauclair, Christin-MelaniePoláčková Šolcová, IvaSirlopú, DavidXing, CaiVignoles, Vivian L.van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P.Teyssier, JulienSun, Chien-RuSerdarevich, UrsulaSchwarz, BeateSargautyte, RutaRøysamb, EspenRomashov, VladyslavRizwan, MuhammadPavlović, ZoranPavlopoulos, VassilisOkvitawanli, AyuNadi, AzarNader, MartinMustaffa, Nur FarizaMurdock, ElkeMosca, OrianaMohorić, TamaraBarrientos Marroquin, Pablo EduardoMalyonova, ArinaLiu, XinhuiLee, J. HannahKwiatkowska, AnnaKronberger, NicoleKlůzová Kráčmarová, LucieKascakova, NataliaIşık, İdilIgou, Eric R.Igbokwe, David O.Hanke-Boer,Gavreliuc, AlinGarðarsdóttir, Ragna B.Fülöp, MártaGamsakhurdia, VladimerEsteves, Carla SofiaDomínguez-Espinosa, AlejandraDenoux, PatrickCharkviani, SalomeBaltin, ArnoArevalo, DouglasAppoh, LilyAkotia, CharityAdamovic, MladenUchida, YukikoPeople care about their own well-being and about the well-being of their families. It is currently, however, unknown how much people tend to value their own versus their family’s well-being. A recent study documented that people value family happiness over personal happiness across four cultures. In this study, we sought to replicate this finding across a larger sample size (N = 12,819) and a greater number of countries (N = 49). We found that the strength of the idealization of family over personal happiness preference was small (average Cohen’s ds = .20, range −.02 to.48), but present in 98% of the studied countries, with statistical significance in 73% to 75%, and variance across countries <2%. We also found that the size of this effect did vary somewhat across cultural contexts. In Latin American cultures highest on relational mobility, the idealization of family over personal happiness was very small (average Cohen’s ds for Latin America = .15 and .18), while in Confucian Asia cultures lowest on relational mobility, this effect was closer to medium (ds > .40 and .30). Importantly, we did not find strong support for traditional theories in cross-cultural psychology that associate collectivism with greater prioritization of the family versus the individual; country-level individualism–collectivism was not associated with variation in the idealization of family versus individual happiness. Our findings indicate that no matter how much various populists abuse the argument of “protecting family life” to disrupt emancipation, family happiness seems to be a pan-culturally phenomenon. Family well-being is a key ingredient of social fabric across the world, and should be acknowledged by psychology and well-being researchers and by progressive movements too.Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article - 2023-06
Cognitive performance after a 2-week course of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
Aims: Reduction in vagal activity may play an etiological role in cognitive problems. The efficacy of a transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) - an intervention with direct effects on brain systems - in improving cognitive problems is unknown. We tested the effect of daily tVNS administered for 2-weeks on cognitive function in a sample of 68 men and women aged 18–75 years. [...] Methods: Participants were randomised into four groups: early and late active tVNS (left tragus) and early and late sham (placebo) tVNS (left earlobe). Early groups underwent daily 4 h stimulation between Day 0 and 13, while late groups underwent daily 4 h stimulation between Day 14 and 28. Cognitive outcomes included 1) cumulative score of 4 executive function tests (from NIH Examiner Battery) and 2) Immediate recall (RAVLT). [...] Results: Analysis of prespecified contrasts revealed that executive function score improved in all groups similarly over time and that there were no differences in change between placebo and active stimulation. For immediate recall, there were significant improvements for actual tVNS between Day 0–13 in the early stimulation phase(p = 0.02), and between Day 14–28 in the late phase(p = 0.01). Moreover during the late period, the improvement in immediate recall in the tVNS group was greater compared to [...]. Conclusion: Overall, we found that tVNS applied daily improved immediate recall but not executive function. Our preliminary results suggest that transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation may have a beneficial effect on memory but not executive functioning. [...]Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal Article in Conference proceedings - 2024-12
Jakich narracji sztucznej inteligencji potrzebujemy?
This article addresses the question of narratives about Artificial Intelligence (AI): What narratives about AI do we need? The author argues that current tales, frequently dominated by fear and dystopian perspectives, do not adequately represent AI’s potential to solve social problems. He advocates for new, inclusive narratives that reflect the diverse experiences and needs of different groups. In his analysis of prevailing ideas and visions – such as fear of losing control, dystopian futures and existential threats to humanity – he illustrates how such stories shape public perception of AI. In contrast, alternative narratives highlighting AI’s positive potential as a tool for social and environmental harmony and advancing social justice suggest a promising path for the development of not only AI narratives themselves but also AI-related regulations and public policies. By focusing on real, current issues with AI – such as algorithmic exclusion, discrimination and privacy concerns – we can better hold AI companies accountable for their promises of making our technology-modelled society more diverse and inclusive.Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article - 2022-04
Changes in temperament traits associated with remission of PTSD symptoms after pharmacology, psychotherapy and combined treatment in a sample of participants in motor vehicle accidents
The goal of the study was to examine whether treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with psychotherapy (PE), pharmacotherapy (paroxetine) and their combination would result in changes in temperament towards a pattern of increasing stimulation processing capacity. We assumed that temperament changes might be recorded in participants with posttreatment remission of PTSD. The research question was whether all treatment modalities used in the study would lead to the same changes in temperament. Data from 135 patients who had completed therapy were randomly assigned to a twelve-week treatment of PE, paroxetine or combined treatments and were analysed. Temperamental traits were assessed by the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory before and after treatment and at the one-year follow-up, and PTSD symptoms were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and a Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. The results showed that temperament changes were observed only in subjects with remission of PTSD symptoms regardless of treatment modality and were maintained at follow-up. In conclusion, the study indicates that temperament traits change under effective treatment of PTSD towards a pattern of increased stimulation processing capacities. Despite the mechanisms of change, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions influence this process.Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article