Artykuły (zamknięty dostęp)
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- 2025-11-20
Exploring visual attention dynamics in tram driving. Differentiating between expert and novice drivers for Gaze-enhanced training
The present eye-tracking study explores differences in the dynamics of visual attention in tram drivers with different levels of expertise while driving a tram simulator. Experienced (n = 25) and novice (n = 20) drivers performed a simulator drive on a pre-programmed route with three tasks: tram stop operations, track hazards, and turn-taking. These situations elicited different attentional dynamics as a response to task requirements. First, tram stop operations induced less entropy in drivers’ eye movements than track hazards but not compared to turn-taking. At the beginning of tram stop operations, all drivers were mainly focal. While taking turns, novices switched to ambient attention faster than experts. Analysis of attention allocation to windshields and control panels did not reveal significant differences between experts and novices, suggesting these elements were equally important to both groups. Differences emerged in the analysis of mirrors. Experts exhibited significantly longer total fixation time on mirrors at the first turn-taking stage than novices, and more fixations on mirrors when turning, suggesting a higher control of their surroundings. In general, the scanning patterns of experts tend to be more structured than those of novices. Experts’ dynamics between focal and ambient attention was more relevant to the tram operation demands to maintain safety. Based on these findings, visual attention training for novices will be designed.Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article - 2025-11
Fenomen stanu Delaware jako lidera w kształtowaniu amerykańskiego prawa spółek
The aim of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of Delaware corporate law. For decades, Delaware, one of the smallest states in the United States, has consistently dominated as the preferred place of incorporation for companies — both for domestic and foreign investors. The purpose of this article is to analyse the key factors behind Delaware’s success, which may serve as inspiration for other legal systems, including the Polish system.Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article - 2000
Nigdy więcej jutra? Mollie Panter-Downes, przyszłość i kanoniczność
Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article - 2025-11-24
Conservative Catholicism and Instrumental Violence Against Animals. The Role of Religious Practices, Beliefs, and Collective Narcissism
From the Middle Ages to the modern era, Christianity and its traditional institution, the Catholic Church, have profoundly shaped Europe’s cultural traditions, social norms, and political structures, leaving a lasting influence on public and private life, including human–animal relationships across the continent. Based on the affiliative social-tuning hypothesis and collective narcissism theory, we tested in study 1 (n = 378, 75% women) whether Catholic affiliation or commitment to Catholic practices better predicts instrumental violence against animals. In study 2 (n = 866, 51% women), we examined whether Catholic beliefs about animals and collective narcissism are positively related to such violence. We also expected the relationship between Catholic collective narcissism and instrumental violence against animals to be moderated by gender and Catholic beliefs about animals. Both studies were conducted on Polish samples, where Catholicism is predominantly traditional and conservative, shaping culture, identity, and the political landscape. Results showed that people affiliated with Catholicism were more likely than atheists to accept violence against animals; however, commitment to religious practices was a better predictor than Catholic affiliation itself. Furthermore, we found that traditional Catholic beliefs about animals were positively associated with instrumental violence, while modern beliefs and beliefs about the animal soul were negatively associated. Finally, testing a moderation model, we found that Catholic collective narcissism was positively related to the acceptance of instrumental violence against animals among Catholics in Poland, but only when modern beliefs about animals were low; when these beliefs were high, the relationship was negative. Our findings provide new insights into human–animal relationships, highlighting the role of religious factors in attitudes toward animals. This understanding is critical for developing strategies to reduce violence against animals and promote ecological sustainability.Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article - 2025-09-24
Measuring the semantic priming effect across many languages
Buchanan, Erin N.Cuccolo, KellyHeyman, TomVeer, A.E. van'tBerkel, Niels vanColes, Nicholas A.Iyer, AishwaryaPeters, KimMontefinese, MariaViviani, GiadaMaxwell, Nicholas P.Taylor, Jack E.Valentine, KathreneArriaga, PatríciaBarzykowski, KrystianBoucher, LeanneCollins, W. MatthewMuppoor, AishwaryaPatel, SnehVaidis, David C.Becker, MajaTrémolière, BastienAczel, BalazsAkil, Atakan M.Nagy, TamásAl-Hoorie, Ali H.Ambrosini, EttoreBesson, ThéoBurin, Debora I.Butt, Muhammad MussaffaClarke, A. J. BenjaminDaryani, YaldaEl-Dakhs, Dina Abdel SalamElsherif, Mahmoud M.Fernández-López, MariaFerreira, Paulo Roberto dos SantosFreitag, Raquel Meister KoGattei, Carolina A.Agnoletti, GiuliaGodbersen, HendrikGrim II, Philip A.Halama, PeterHavan, PatrikIrrazabal, Natalia C.Isloi, ChrisIversen, Rebecca KvislerJulliard, YoannMuller, DominiqueKaraaslan, AslanKohút, MichalKohútová, VeronicaKos, JulijaManouilidou, ChristinaOnič, JašPažon, BlažKosachenko, Alexandra I.Lima, Tiago Jessé Souza deMak, Matthew H. C.Marciaga, Leonardo A.Melinna, Xiaolin MelinnaMiranda, Jacob FranciscoMorvinski, CobyMüjdeci, F. ElifNielsen, Yngwie A.Oliveros, Juan CarlosPapadatou-Pastou, MariettaPatel, IshaniPavlović, ZoranPfuhl, GeritPronizius, EkaterinaTran, Ulrich S.Kostorz, KathrinLamm, ClausPegler, DominikScharnowski, FrankSteyrl, DavidZhang, MengfanRoettger, Timo B.Ronderos, Camilo R.Ruiz-Fernandez, SusanaSenderecka, MagdalenaSolak, ÇağlarSöylemez, SinemStückler, AnnaPfattheicher, StefanSzekely-Copîndean, Raluca D.Heilman, Renata M.Taboh, Analí R.Thériault, RémiTrecca, FabioUlloa, José LuisVarga, Marton A.Verheyen, StevenVesić Pavlović, TijanaWang, NanZivna, KristinaMalinakova, KlaraMeier, ZdenekNovak, LukasTavel, PeterZidkova, RadkaChu Yun, ChenChuan-Peng, HuClark, Oliver JamesAcar, Oguz A.Adamkovič Matúš,Alsuhaibani, ZainabAmenta, SimonaMarelli, MarcoAnanyeva, Olga A.Cherniaeva, ElenaEfimova, Liudmila A.Gorokhova, Anna SergeevnaPrusova, Irina SergeevnaRomanova, Marina O.Andreychik, MichaelAngele, BernhardArias Quiñones, Danna CatalinaBatres, CarlotaArinze, Nwadiogo ChisomAskelund Adrian DahlBaker, Bradley J.Baskin, ErnestBatalha, LuisaBeato, Maria SoledadSuarez, MarBecker, ManuelKöster, MassimoBehnke, MaciejBlaison, ChristopheBorghi, Anna M.Mazzuca, ClaudiaBrandstätter, EduardBuczny, JacekBudak, NesrinMerve Şahin, SedaCabana, ÁlvaroCai, Zhenguang G.Qiu, ZhuangCanessa, Enrique C.Moreno, SebastianCavdan, MügeCecchetti, LucaSampaolo, ErikaVannucci, CaterinaChaigneau, Sergio E.Chang, Feria X. W.Siew, Cynthia S. Q.Tan, Joel C. R.Chartier, Christopher R.Fisher, Sarah E.Schmidt, KathleenLewis, Savannah C.Chen, Sau-ChinChristiansen, Morten H.Chwiłkowska, PatrycjaComesaña, MontserratCong, Chin WenCowan, CaseyEgan, CiaraHine, Alanna M.Dandeneau, Stéphane DanielDavid, Oana A.Davis, William E.Burak, Elif Gizem DemiragDixson, Barnaby James WyldDu, HongfeiDuclos, RodDuyck, WouterHauspie, CathySzmalec, ArnaudEra, VanessaEvans, Thomas R.Exner, AnnaFeldman, GiladFellnhofer, KatharinaFini, ChiaraFlowe, Heather D.Garrido-Vásquez, PatriciaGatti, DanieleGeller, JasonGiannouli, VaitsaGriener, Lindsay M.Grigoryev, DmitryGrossmann, IgorGhasemi, HesamHandjaras, GiacomoHe, ZhiranHeydari, AmirmahdiHoyer, KarlijnHryniszak, WeronikaHsiao, Janet Hui-wenHuang, GuanxiongIhaya, KeikoIlczuk, EwaIshii, TatsunoriDumbravă, AndreiJankowiak, KatarzynaJończyk, RafałJiang, XiaomingJohnson, David C.Järvikivi, JuhaniKaczer, LauraLaurino, JulietaLeander Kamermans, KevinKarl, Johannes A.McGovern, David P.Tiernan, Jake G.Zumbrunn, Nina MeretKarner, AlexanderMelinscak, FilipKačmár, PavolKeech, Jacob J.Kim, M. JustinKorbmacher, MaxKowal, MartaMisiak, MichalRoberts, S. CraigKratochvil, TomasKunisato, YoshihikoKuzminska, Anna O.Körtvélyessy, LíviaKöse, Fatma EbruLabusch, MelaniePerea, ManuelLau, Chaak MingLaw, WilbertZhou, YuweiLettieri, GiadaLevitan, Carmel A.Lu, Jackson G.MacPherson, Sarah E.Manriquez-Robles, DiegoMarchant, NicolásMartínez, MartínMatthews, Molly F.Mattiassi, Alan D. A.Mattoli-Sánchez, JosefinaMonteiro, Luis Carlos PereiraMoreau, DavidMulgrew, Kate E.Naranowicz, MarcinNdukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G.Neta, MaitalOgbonnaya, Chisom EstherPaek, Jessica Jee WonPaltoglou, Aspasia EleniParada, Francisco J.Parker, Adam J.Vasilev, Martin R.Paruzel-Czachura , MariolaPypno-Blajda, KatarzynaPavlov, Yuri G.Paydarfard, SaeedPeker, MehmetProtzko, JohnReips, Ulf-DietrichRibeiro, GianniRinaldi, LucaRoembke, Tanja C.Ross, Robert M.Röer, Jan PhilippRızaoğlu, FilizSaari, Toni T.Santos, Anabela CaetanoSarıçiçek, F. ÇağlarÖner, SezinSasaki, KyoshiroSepehri, AmirSerçe, Halid O.Sevincer, A. TimurSimonetti, Matilde EllenSirota, MiroslavSorokowska, AgnieszkaSorokowski, PiotrStephen, Ian D.Stevens, Laura M.Colloff, Melissa F.Stewart, Suzanne L. K.Stieger, StefanWillinger, DavidStudzinska, AnnaSzala, AnnaSznycer, DanielSzumowska, EwaSöylemez, BahadırTakashima, KaitoTamnes, Christian K.Tang, ChengxiangTejada, JulianThompson, Benjamin C.Torres-Muñoz, VincenteTouloumakos, Anna K.Tschense, MonikaTürkan, Belgüzar NilayVadillo, Miguel A.Varnum, Michael E. W.Wormley, Alexandra S.Vaughn, Leigh AnnVerkampt, FannyVillar, Liliana M.Wallot, SebastianWang, LijunWang, KeWilliams, Glenn PatrickWolfe, KellyYamada, YukiYang, YunkaiZheng, WangZheng, YueyuanZhou, ChenghaoÇoker, OgedayÇoksan, SamiÖzdoğru, Asil AliKasanov, DaurenArvanitis, AlexiosBrick, CameronGallyamova, AlbinaKoch, ChristopherRopovik, IvanZhang, YuchengZhou, XingxingSuchow, Jordan W.Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. Although previous studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations, they have suffered from small sample sizes and a lack of linguistic and cultural diversity. In this Registered Report, we measured the size and the variability of the semantic priming effect across 19 languages (n = 25,163 participants analysed) by creating the largest available database of semantic priming values using an adaptive sampling procedure. We found evidence for semantic priming in terms of differences in response latencies between related word-pair conditions and unrelated word-pair conditions. Model comparisons showed that the inclusion of a random intercept for language improved model fit, providing support for variability in semantic priming across languages. This study highlights the robustness and variability of semantic priming across languages and provides a rich, linguistically diverse dataset for further analysis. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 15 July 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://osf.io/u5bp6 (registration) or https://osf.io/q4fjy (preprint version 6, 31 May 2022).Pozostałe osiągnięcia naukoweArtykuły (zamknięty dostęp)Journal article