Artykuły (zamknięty dostęp)

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https://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/13

Now showing 1 - 5 of 160

2025-01-01
The effect of high- and low-approach motivated sadness on frontal alpha asymmetry and other metrics
Kamińska, Olga
Magnuski, Mikołaj
Gogolewska, Mariszka
Harmon-Jones, Cindy
Brzezicka, Aneta
Harmon-Jones, Eddie
Sadness is commonly perceived as an affective state with negative valence. However, studies on the psychological and physiological effects of sadness have yielded mixed results. We proposed a systematic analysis of sadness, taking into account an additional dimension - the intensity of approach motivation, understood as an urge to move toward. We induced low and high approach motivation sadness while measuring electrical brain activity (EEG). We predicted that low approach motivation sadness and high approach sadness would evoke different patterns of frontal alpha activity. In our study, 41 participants were randomly assigned to a low or high approach motivation sadness induction. A significant interaction was observed when comparing low and high approach motivation sadness across the presented stories, as measured by the frontal alpha asymmetry index. To furtherly explore this effect, we conducted cluster-based permutation analysis on individual alpha peak-centered spectra, which revealed a more centrally diffused effect over the frontal areas in both hemispheres as well a significant activation over the occipital region. Low approach motivation sadness was associated with reduced alpha power over frontal areas, while high approach motivation sadness was associated with increased alpha power in the same region, both in comparison to neutral condition. These results might reflect Default Mode Network activation or the projection from occipital area. Based on these results, we propose a new perspective on sadness as a heterogeneous state that should be evaluated based on the intensity of approach motivation, rather than solely on its valence.
2025-07-02
Democracy After Illiberalism: A Warning from Poland
Stanley, Benjamin
This article examines the challenges facing governments aiming to restore liberal democratic institutions after illiberal rule. It uses the case study of Poland under Donald Tusk’s current government—which defeated populist Law and Justice (PiS) in 2023—to construct a wider conceptual framework for understanding dilemmas of post-illiberal reform that may also confront other democracies. A key legacy of democratic backsliding is a series of institutional traps that are diMicult to counteract without resorting to the same decisionist methods that made them. Proceduralist approaches risk leaving the damage unrepaired and demobilizing supporters, while more decisive action may require capitulation to the illiberal playbook.
2022-02-01
Kara umowna z tytułu braku lub nieterminowej zapłaty wynagrodzenia należnego podwykonawcom – na marginesie uchwały SN z 30.6.2020 r., III CZP 67/19
Szlęzak, Andrzej
Autor krytycznie analizuje stanowisko Sądu Najwyższego (wyrażone w uchwale z 30.6.2020 r.) oraz poglądy doktryny uznające unormowanie art. 437 ust. 1 pkt 7 lit. a PrZamPubl (i jego poprzednika z ZamPublU) za przepis szczególny wobec art. 483 § 1 KC. Zdaniem autora, nakaz zamieszczania w umowach o zamówienie publiczne (będącymi zarazem umowami o roboty budowlane) postanowień o karach umownych zastrzeganych dla zamawiającego „z tytułu” braku lub nieterminowej zapłaty przez wykonawcę wynagrodzenia należnego podwykonawcy należy uznać za odnoszący się do zobowiązań niepieniężnych wykonawcy. Wobec czego nie powstaje żadna kolizja pomiędzy wskazanym wyżej przepisem a normą art. 481 § 1 KC (zakazującą zastrzegania kar umownych za niewykonanie/nienależyte wykonanie zobowiązań pieniężnych), która wymagałaby – jak chce SN – uchylenia w drodze uznania przepisu PrZamPubl za lex specialis wobec unormowania KC.
2022-12-01
Termin, umowny termin zawity i wygaśnięcie roszczenia - uwagi porządkujące. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego - Izba Cywilna z dnia 17 marca 2022 r., II CSKP 217/22
Szlęzak, Andrzej
In his comments on the decision of the Supreme Court, the author argues that there is no correlation between limitation periods and contractual prescription terms. He also points out that the institution of expiry of claims is not of an extraordinary character; such expiry is the consequence of the parties’ introduction to their legal transaction of a term or condition (in the meaning of Articles 89 et seq. and Articles 110 et seq. of the Civil Code), and has nothing to do with the Civil Code’s regulation of limitation periods.
2022-08-01
Umowa gwarancyjna – na marginesie monografii Jacka Jastrzębskiego
Szlęzak, Andrzej
The author discusses the basic terms (originating from the common law jurisdictions) that appear in M&A contracts subject to Polish law, such as representations/warranties and indemnity clauses. The author critically reviews Jacek Jastrzębski’s approach to a guarantee contract, arguing that it does not necessarily lead solely to a contractual obligation to redress damage, but may also obligate the debtor to render performance of another kind. Because of this, one should not equate a contract-based guarantee liability with a contractbased obligation to redress damage. The author also critically comments on Jacek Jastrzębski’s view that the concept of noncompliance with a contract is a better (more efficient) tool to shape the parties’ contractual rights and duties than the concept derived from the notion of performance.

Recent Submissions

The effect of high- and low-approach motivated sadness on frontal alpha asymmetry and other metrics

Democracy After Illiberalism: A Warning from Poland

Kara umowna z tytułu braku lub nieterminowej zapłaty wynagrodzenia należnego podwykonawcom – na marginesie uchwały SN z 30.6.2020 r., III CZP 67/19

Termin, umowny termin zawity i wygaśnięcie roszczenia - uwagi porządkujące. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego - Izba Cywilna z dnia 17 marca 2022 r., II CSKP 217/22

Umowa gwarancyjna – na marginesie monografii Jacka Jastrzębskiego