Assessing daydreaming frequency and control with the Polish version of the Daydreaming Frequency Scale – validation using ecological momentary assessment

StatusVoR
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Authors
Skorupski, Michał
Krejtz, Izabela
Kornacka, Monika
Monograph
Monograph (alternative title)
Date
2026
Publisher
Journal title
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Issue
Volume
16
Pages
Pages
1-12
DOI
ISSN
1664-0640
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Weblink
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1694756/full
Access date
2026-02-04
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
Daydreaming is a prevalent type of cognitive activity, in which the content of one’s thoughts is unrelated to the current task. The Daydreaming Frequency Scale (DDFS) was the first questionnaire devised to measure the occurrence of daydreaming and remains widely used for this purpose today. We report on three studies validating the Polish version of the DDFS. Study 1 (n=385) examines its factor validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity (tested by computing correlations with the scores of other questionnaires measuring similar phenomena and known consequences of daydreaming). Study 2 (n=1301) confirms the factor structure established in Study 1 and provides additional test–retest analyses conducted over a three-month interval. Study 3 (n=214) tests the link between the trait-level DDFS score and daily occurrence of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) and the degree of everyday control over such thoughts, using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). During the factor validity analysis, we tested the possibility of implementing a two-factor structure solution; however, after careful consideration, the original one-factor structure was retained. The Polish DDFS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s a = .92). The results of the correlation-based criterion validity testing were also satisfactory. The findings of Study 3 suggest that DDFS score is positively related to actual daily TUTs occurrence and negatively related to daily thought control, further supporting the good criterion validity of the questionnaire.
Abstract other
Keywords PL
Keywords EN
daydreaming
Daydreaming Frequency Scale
validation
psychometric values
ecological momentary assessment
task-unrelated thoughts
Keywords other
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 3. Good Health and Well-being
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URI
https://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2199
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cc-by
Except as otherwise noted, this item is licensed under the Attribution licence | Permitted use of copyrighted works
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Integratywny model nieadaptacyjnych, spontanicznych myśli nie związanych z zadaniem. Podejście procesualne i funkcjonalne
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