Fluency shapes evaluations: Feelings, interpretations, expectations, and goals
Fluency shapes evaluations: Feelings, interpretations, expectations, and goals
StatusPost-Print
Alternative title
Authors
Winkielman, Piotr
Jasko, Katarzyna
Too, Jenny
Monograph
Intelligence in a Physiacal World
Monograph (alternative title)
Editor
Federmeier, Kara D.
Goh, Joshua O. S.
Date
2025
Place of publication
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal title
Psychology of Learning and Motivation
Volume
82
Pages
179-205
ISSN
0079-7421
ISBN
9780443314285
eISBN
Series
Psychology of Learning and Motivation
Series number
82
ISSN of series
0079-7421
Access date
2025-11-27
Remarks
Abstract PL
Abstrakt po polsku
Abstract EN
Evaluations, including social evaluations, are shaped by multiple mechanisms. Much research shows that one factor influencing evaluations is the ease of processing (fluency). In this contribution, we discuss how this influence results from the intricate interplay of fluency with expectations and beliefs about fluency, as well as epistemic goals—both general preferences for knowledge acquisition and goals related to specific belief content. This discussion leads to several insights. First, evaluations typically increase with fluency, reflecting a preference for efficiency and the positive affect associated with low effort. Fluency can also enhance evaluation via beliefs that connect it with value and by supporting the broader epistemic goal of knowledge acquisition. However, evaluations can also increase with disfluency. This may result from beliefs that connect disfluency with value or from epistemic goals that prioritize avoiding knowledge, making disfluency a desirable state. Additionally, the value of stimuli depends on perceivers’ directional epistemic goals—their preferred belief state. If fluency facilitates preferred beliefs, it will increase evaluation, but if it facilitates undesirable beliefs, it will decrease evaluation. We review supporting evidence and introduce novel predictions. By integrating insights from the fluency framework and the epistemic motivation framework, we can better understand the mechanisms underlying evaluations, including key social judgments such as attractiveness and trust.
Abstract other
abstrakt in german
Keywords PL
fluencja
Keywords EN
fluency
Evaluations
Epistemic Motivation Model
Evaluations
Epistemic Motivation Model
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Sustainable Development Goals
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Instytut Psychologii
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post-print / Author's Accepted Manuscript (AAM)
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