Monografie
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- 2025-11-12
The benefits — and costs — of behavioral mimicry: applications in marketing, sales, and therapy
Previous research on the so-called Chameleon effect and other studies on more general mimicry indicate that mimicking another person’s gestures, mannerisms, and speech (whether intentionally or not) leads to several profound social consequences without awareness that mimicry took place (Chartrand and Bargh, J Personality Soc Psychol 76:893–910, 1999). This chapter reviews research on mimicry as a nonconsciously employed mechanism by focusing on the consequences of mimicry. Thereby, we will review positive as well as negative consequences that take place within and beyond the mimicry dyad.Otwarty dostępMonografieMonograph Chapter - 2025
Fluency shapes evaluations: Feelings, interpretations, expectations, and goals
Evaluations, including social evaluations, are shaped by multiple mechanisms. Much research shows that one factor influencing evaluations is the ease of processing (fluency). In this contribution, we discuss how this influence results from the intricate interplay of fluency with expectations and beliefs about fluency, as well as epistemic goals—both general preferences for knowledge acquisition and goals related to specific belief content. This discussion leads to several insights. First, evaluations typically increase with fluency, reflecting a preference for efficiency and the positive affect associated with low effort. Fluency can also enhance evaluation via beliefs that connect it with value and by supporting the broader epistemic goal of knowledge acquisition. However, evaluations can also increase with disfluency. This may result from beliefs that connect disfluency with value or from epistemic goals that prioritize avoiding knowledge, making disfluency a desirable state. Additionally, the value of stimuli depends on perceivers’ directional epistemic goals—their preferred belief state. If fluency facilitates preferred beliefs, it will increase evaluation, but if it facilitates undesirable beliefs, it will decrease evaluation. We review supporting evidence and introduce novel predictions. By integrating insights from the fluency framework and the epistemic motivation framework, we can better understand the mechanisms underlying evaluations, including key social judgments such as attractiveness and trust.Otwarty dostępMonografieMonograph Chapter - 2024-11-12
Watching Others Mirror: Explaining the Range of Third-Party Inferences from Imitation
Imitation is important in social life, manifesting in various forms and serving diverse functions. This chapter concerns socially oriented imitation, wherein the imitator adopts others’ arbitrary or idiosyncratic behaviors primarily for social reasons. While this form of imitation impacts dyadic interactions, it’s also observable by third parties. We review evidence concerning third-party inferences from imitation across the lifespan, spanning from infancy to adulthood. We propose that a simple concept of social affiliation, embedded within an intuitive (naïve) psychological theory, accounts for the pattern of inferences drawn from observing imitation. Essentially, observers assume that imitators, by either imitating or not, reveal whether they adopt concern for the models’ utilities, encompassing their welfare and values. Young observers typically draw positive inferences from such imitative behaviors. However, as observers mature and master understanding of social dynamics, their inferences become increasingly nuanced. They take into account factors like intention, mutual knowledge, social skills, theory of mind, and social strategies. Consequently, this can lead observers to form negative inferences about the imitators and express a preference for non-imitators or counter-imitators. Our proposed explanation sheds light not only on inferences from third-party or first-party mimicry but also more broadly on the social inferences that guide our interpersonal interactions.Otwarty dostępMonografieMonograph Chapter - 2025-04-01
Elements and Dynamics of the European Legal Standard, 18–19 April 2024
This collection of articles edited by Professor Hanna Suchocka is an outstanding compendium of knowledge about European legal standards, both those set by the Council of Europe and by the European Union. They relate, inter alia, to monitoring the constitutionality of the law, the independence of judges, the independence of the judicial system, the rule of law, and electoral law. Individual texts supplement each other and together they offer a varied yet full picture of the issues under discussion. The reader obtains not only a competent and well-documented analysis of the state of European law in terms of the rule of law, but also prognoses and indications as to its further development. The framework to the majority of texts are the standards developed by the Council of Europe’s expert body, the Venice Commission. Members of the Commission are the authors of a large number of the texts in this volume, and its editor is the Honorary President of the Commission. This book will be an important voice, both on the European and national level, in discussions on the necessity of improving the systems of the state governed by the rule of law and of avoiding the erosion of these systems. Professor Roman WieruszewskiOtwarty dostępMonografieMonograph Chapter (Conference proceedings) - 2025-11-10
The Conceptualizations of ‘Leg/Foot’ from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective
The paper explores the polysemy of the terms denoting ‘leg/foot’ from a cross-linguistic perspective with the aim of identifying lexical and semantic correspondences in metonymic and metaphorical expressions across multiple languages, in search for universal or common conceptualizations tied to shared bodily experiences. The analysis focuses on expressions related to ‘leg/foot’ with varying degrees of figurativeness from European and non-European languages and is structured to examine basic semantic extensions, the metonymies and metaphors of ‘leg/foot’, and the cultural connotations and idiomatic usages of these terms.Otwarty dostępMonografieMonograph Chapter