Exchange and Communal Orientations (ECO) scale: The construction and validation of a method to measure target-specific relational orientations

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cris.lastimport.scopus2025-06-12T03:15:20Z
dc.abstract.enThis paper introduces the ECO Scale—a novel self-report measure to assess the degree to which individuals exhibit a dispositional tendency to orient themselves according to communal or exchange rules when establishing and maintaining relationships with others. In a series of six studies (total N = 3,252) conducted with diverse samples of Polish, American, and British participants, we documented that the 20-item ECO Scale in two separate language versions (English and Polish) is a psychometrically solid measure that can be used in different research settings. In Studies 1–3, we demonstrated the two-dimensional structure of the scale and provided support for configural, metric, residual, and partial scalar invariance of the scale across Poland and the United States (US). Study 2 supports the discriminant and construct validity of the scale, and demonstrates gender differences across orientations. Study 3 confirmed the convergent and divergent validity of the communal and exchange dimensions. Study 4 demonstrated the high test-retest reliability of the scale. Finally, Studies 5 and 6 verified the diagnostic and predictive validity of the ECO Scale. Study 5 showed that a high level of communal orientation predicts perceptions of the ambiguous social situation as more communal, while a high level of exchange orientation predicts perceptions of the ambiguous social situation as more exchange-based. Study 6 demonstrated that relational orientations measured with the ECO Scale predicts not only the declared willingness to provide assistance in a situation characterized by purely communal, purely exchange, or conflictual communal and exchange cues, but also actual behavior in these situations.
dc.affiliationInstytut Psychologii
dc.affiliationWydział Psychologii we Wrocławiu
dc.contributor.authorGąsiorowska, Agata
dc.contributor.authorKuźmińska, Anna O.
dc.contributor.authorZaleśkiewicz, Tomasz
dc.contributor.editorHua Pang
dc.date.access2025-06-03
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-04T12:23:05Z
dc.date.available2025-06-04T12:23:05Z
dc.date.created2025-05-11
dc.date.issued2025-06-03
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>This paper introduces the ECO Scale—a novel self-report measure to assess the degree to which individuals exhibit a dispositional tendency to orient themselves according to communal or exchange rules when establishing and maintaining relationships with others. In a series of six studies (total <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 3,252) conducted with diverse samples of Polish, American, and British participants, we documented that the 20-item ECO Scale in two separate language versions (English and Polish) is a psychometrically solid measure that can be used in different research settings. In Studies 1–3, we demonstrated the two-dimensional structure of the scale and provided support for configural, metric, residual, and partial scalar invariance of the scale across Poland and the United States (US). Study 2 supports the discriminant and construct validity of the scale, and demonstrates gender differences across orientations. Study 3 confirmed the convergent and divergent validity of the communal and exchange dimensions. Study 4 demonstrated the high test-retest reliability of the scale. Finally, Studies 5 and 6 verified the diagnostic and predictive validity of the ECO Scale. Study 5 showed that a high level of communal orientation predicts perceptions of the ambiguous social situation as more communal, while a high level of exchange orientation predicts perceptions of the ambiguous social situation as more exchange-based. Study 6 demonstrated that relational orientations measured with the ECO Scale predicts not only the declared willingness to provide assistance in a situation characterized by purely communal, purely exchange, or conflictual communal and exchange cues, but also actual behavior in these situations.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.issue6
dc.description.physical1-33
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume20
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0325232
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/1492
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0325232
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.rights.questionYes_rights
dc.share.articleOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.swps.sciencecloudsend
dc.titleExchange and Communal Orientations (ECO) scale: The construction and validation of a method to measure target-specific relational orientations
dc.title.journalPLOS One
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle