A next generation of the schema therapy model of personality pathology : A cross-cultural and international study protocol

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cris.lastimport.scopus2026-07-03T03:10:22Z
dc.abstract.enBackground Personality disorders are highly prevalent worldwide imposing substantial personal and social challenges. Schema Therapy is an effective psychotherapeutic approach for personality pathology and other complex characterological problems. New scientific insights prompted a re-evaluation of its theoretical underpinnings leading to a reformulated Schema Therapy theory. Furthermore, the assumed cross-cultural universality of the Schema Therapy model has not been tested. Aims This project has two primary aims: (1) To develop revised instruments based on the reformulated theory that are psychometrically sound and valid across diverse cultures and languages. (2) To validate the Schema Therapy-related constructs and their inter-relationships across cultures. Methods New draft versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire, Schema Coping Inventory, and Schema Mode Inventory were developed. Before dissemination, these instruments will undergo rigorous psychometric evaluation to refine item sets and ensure linguistic and conceptual consistency. A minimum of 100 adult mental health patients and 100 non-patients from each participating country will complete the revised instruments. Sociodemographic and mental health-related variables will also be assessed. Statistical analyses will evaluate (a) internal consistency, (b) unidimensionality, (c) cross-cultural invariance, (d) factorial validity (if possible), and (e) known-group validity. Malfunctioning items will be deleted, and subscales will be shortened, if possible, targeting internal consistency of ≥.80. Expected outcomes This study is expected to yield optimized versions of the three instruments aligned with the reformulated theory. These findings will inform subsequent international studies to further assess the structural and cross-cultural validity of the revised scales. The resulting empirically validated scales will be openly accessible, facilitating worldwide utilization. Discussion This protocol outlines the first international study based on the reformulated theory, aiming to extend the psychopathological coverage and enhance the cross-cultural application of evidence-based treatments for personality pathology. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Potential limitations are discussed.
dc.affiliationInstytut Psychologii
dc.affiliationWydział Psychologii i Prawa w Poznaniu
dc.contributor.authorMichałowski, Jarosław
dc.contributor.authorPopiel, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorBrowarczyk, Weronika
dc.contributor.authorMamali, Freideriki Carmen
dc.contributor.authorFreideriki Carmen Mamali
dc.contributor.authorRijkeboer, Marleen
dc.contributor.authorMolenaar, Dylan
dc.contributor.authorRameckers, Sophie A.
dc.contributor.authorPanzeri, Marta
dc.contributor.authorArntz, Arnoud
dc.contributor.authorLee, Christopher W.
dc.contributor.authorBrockman, Robert
dc.contributor.authorHo Tan, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorMozumder, Muhammad Kamruzzaman
dc.contributor.authorGayen, Tarun Kanti
dc.contributor.authorDyakov, Dmitry
dc.contributor.authorStabrouskaya, Yuliya
dc.contributor.authorGatam, Amirov
dc.contributor.authorLobanovich, Vladislav
dc.contributor.authorKanavina, Sofiya
dc.contributor.authorRomanovich, Veronika
dc.contributor.authorOlkhouka, Artsiom Andreevich
dc.contributor.authorTkhoryk, Natallia
dc.contributor.authorShabaikovich, Aliaksandra
dc.contributor.authorDierckx, Eva
dc.contributor.authorPauwels, Els
dc.contributor.authorEggermont, Kristina
dc.contributor.authorMatos, Fabiola Rodrigues
dc.contributor.authorBarela, Renan Puléo
dc.contributor.authorFrossard, Lilian Queiroz
dc.contributor.authorLazarova, Irina S.
dc.contributor.authorPeneva, Krista
dc.contributor.authorKatrandjieva, Atanaska
dc.contributor.authorLazarova, Anna St.
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Yawen
dc.contributor.authorLyu, Baozhen
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Yuhan
dc.contributor.authorLi, Libo
dc.contributor.authorQin, Hongxia
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Xiaowei
dc.contributor.authorHu, Xin
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Songhao
dc.contributor.authorMa, Olivia Y. T.
dc.contributor.authorTang, Aled L. Y.
dc.contributor.authorMoeller, Stine Bjerrum
dc.contributor.authorArendt, Ida-Marie T. P.
dc.contributor.authorBach, Bo
dc.contributor.authorMeline, Jacob
dc.contributor.authorTapia, Géraldine
dc.contributor.authorM’bailara, Katia
dc.contributor.authorAbdushelishvili, Ketevan
dc.contributor.authorBegiashvili, Archil
dc.contributor.authorBadrishvili, Natia
dc.contributor.authorGvinianidze, Ana
dc.contributor.authorAkopashvili, Lana
dc.contributor.authorKhabazi, Irma
dc.contributor.authorKopf-Beck, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorLeithne, Cosima
dc.contributor.authorRenner, Fritz
dc.contributor.authorEgli, Samy
dc.contributor.authorQuaatz, Sarah M.
dc.contributor.authorMalogiannis, Ioannis A.
dc.contributor.authorGiannoulis, Eleni
dc.contributor.authorSimos, Gregoris
dc.contributor.authorUnoka, Zsolt
dc.contributor.authorSimon, Lajos
dc.contributor.authorSimon, Viktoria
dc.contributor.authorMunivenkatappa, Manjula
dc.contributor.authorSudhir, Paulomi Matam
dc.contributor.authorKohli, Tavleen Kaur
dc.contributor.authorShrivastava, Apoorva
dc.contributor.authorMisra, Arpita Alok
dc.contributor.authorKhanna, Anisha
dc.contributor.authorLouis, John Philip
dc.contributor.authorSantoso, Naomi Maurilla
dc.contributor.authorShanti, Theresia Indira
dc.contributor.authorWitarso, Laurentius Sandi
dc.contributor.authorHedayati, Maryam
dc.contributor.authorSamimi, Adeleh
dc.contributor.authorMalekasgar, Saade
dc.contributor.authorBasile, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorKrone, Ilona
dc.contributor.authorOrupe, Agnese
dc.contributor.authorGecaite-Stonciene, Julija
dc.contributor.authorPociunaite, Justina
dc.contributor.authorTan, Huey Jing Renee
dc.contributor.authorChan, Edward
dc.contributor.authorHeimkumar, Veerathayalani
dc.contributor.authorKadri, Nadia
dc.contributor.authorKarroumi, Saadia
dc.contributor.authorChentaf, Fatima Zahra
dc.contributor.authorEzzahiri, Naima
dc.contributor.authorRachidi, Hind
dc.contributor.authorBouchebti, Soukaina
dc.contributor.authorBouidar, Hind
dc.contributor.authorHikmat, Wydad
dc.contributor.authorChroukate, Fouzia
dc.contributor.authorEnnaciri, Zainaib
dc.contributor.authorThimm, Jens C.
dc.contributor.authorLorentzen, Veronica
dc.contributor.authorMącik, Dorota
dc.contributor.authorSalvador, Maria do Céu
dc.contributor.authorPăduraru, Ancuța Elena
dc.contributor.authorSemeniuc, Suzana E.
dc.contributor.authorStroian, Paula I.
dc.contributor.authorȘubredu, Irina
dc.contributor.authorYaltonskaya, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorMaryasova, Darya
dc.contributor.authorTitova, Olga
dc.contributor.authorGegel, Natalia
dc.contributor.authorGorodentseva, Natalia
dc.contributor.authorSkryabina, Maria
dc.contributor.authorPlichko, Alena
dc.contributor.authorPavlova, Olga
dc.contributor.authorProkaeva, Svetlana
dc.contributor.authorMalashchanka, Viktoryia
dc.contributor.authorNeo, Hui Ling Michelle
dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J.
dc.contributor.authorHawa, Waseem
dc.contributor.authorHartmann, Jean-Pierre
dc.contributor.authorLee, Eunhee
dc.contributor.authorSong, Younghee
dc.contributor.authorGómez-Juanes, Rocío
dc.contributor.authorCalvete, Esther
dc.contributor.authorCid, Jordi
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, Ralph E.
dc.contributor.authorHoman, Stephanie
dc.contributor.authorSakulsriprasert, Chaiyun
dc.contributor.authorPhukao, Darunee
dc.contributor.authorThawornwutichat, Ratipan
dc.contributor.authorMamoon, Welika
dc.contributor.authorChandraungs, Anuk
dc.contributor.authorSupreeyaporn, Nanthaka
dc.contributor.authorBachrach, Nathan
dc.contributor.authorKeulen-de Vos, Marije
dc.contributor.authorLobbestael, Jill
dc.contributor.authorDorrestijn, Eline
dc.contributor.authorKrans, Julie
dc.contributor.authorYakin, Duygu
dc.contributor.authorBaştak, Deniz
dc.contributor.authorTaşlioğlu Sayiner, Aliye Canan
dc.contributor.authorİnce, Başak
dc.contributor.authorTasilaridis, Stephanie
dc.contributor.authorErgelen, Mine
dc.contributor.authorKennedy, Fiona C.
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Christopher D. J.
dc.contributor.authorFirst, Michael B.
dc.contributor.authorLockwood, George
dc.contributor.authorAppenzeller, Zachary
dc.contributor.authorNorton, Alice R.
dc.contributor.authorSeeley-Wait, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorAbbott, Maree J.
dc.contributor.authorAllen, Karina L.
dc.contributor.authorHasan, Surilena
dc.contributor.authorSharaf, Abdelrahman Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorRuths, Florian Alexander
dc.contributor.editorKamalakar Surineni
dc.date.access2026-07-02
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-02T11:39:09Z
dc.date.available2026-07-02T11:39:09Z
dc.date.created2026-06-12
dc.date.issued2026-06-12
dc.description.abstract<jats:sec id="sec001"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Personality disorders are highly prevalent worldwide imposing substantial personal and social challenges. Schema Therapy is an effective psychotherapeutic approach for personality pathology and other complex characterological problems. New scientific insights prompted a re-evaluation of its theoretical underpinnings leading to a reformulated Schema Therapy theory. Furthermore, the assumed cross-cultural universality of the Schema Therapy model has not been tested.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Aims</jats:title> <jats:p>This project has two primary aims: (1) To develop revised instruments based on the reformulated theory that are psychometrically sound and valid across diverse cultures and languages. (2) To validate the Schema Therapy-related constructs and their inter-relationships across cultures.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec003"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>New draft versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire, Schema Coping Inventory, and Schema Mode Inventory were developed. Before dissemination, these instruments will undergo rigorous psychometric evaluation to refine item sets and ensure linguistic and conceptual consistency. A minimum of 100 adult mental health patients and 100 non-patients from each participating country will complete the revised instruments. Sociodemographic and mental health-related variables will also be assessed. Statistical analyses will evaluate (a) internal consistency, (b) unidimensionality, (c) cross-cultural invariance, (d) factorial validity (if possible), and (e) known-group validity. Malfunctioning items will be deleted, and subscales will be shortened, if possible, targeting internal consistency of ≥.80.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec004"> <jats:title>Expected outcomes</jats:title> <jats:p>This study is expected to yield optimized versions of the three instruments aligned with the reformulated theory. These findings will inform subsequent international studies to further assess the structural and cross-cultural validity of the revised scales. The resulting empirically validated scales will be openly accessible, facilitating worldwide utilization.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec005"> <jats:title>Discussion</jats:title> <jats:p>This protocol outlines the first international study based on the reformulated theory, aiming to extend the psychopathological coverage and enhance the cross-cultural application of evidence-based treatments for personality pathology. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Potential limitations are discussed.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
dc.description.accesstimeafter_publication
dc.description.issue6
dc.description.physical1-30
dc.description.sdgGoodHealthAndWellBeing
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume21
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0332723
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2448
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.rights.explanationniestety nie jestem w stanie ocenić czy wydawca pozawala publikować wersję ostateczną poza swoim repozytorium
dc.rights.questionYes_rights
dc.share.articleOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.swps.sciencecloudsend
dc.titleA next generation of the schema therapy model of personality pathology : A cross-cultural and international study protocol
dc.title.journalPLOS One
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle