The Polish Version of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire: Preliminary Psychometric Properties and Links with Parental Burnout, Mental Health Outcomes, and Emotion Beliefs

StatusVoR
Dublin Core metadata
Alternative title
Authors
Larionow, Paweł
Mazur, Monika
Pilarska, Natalia
Mudło-Głagolska, Karolina
Szczygieł, Dorota
Preece, David A.
Monograph
Monograph (alternative title)
Date
2025-10-22
Publisher
Journal title
Children
Issue
11
Volume
12
Pages
Pages
1-20
DOI
ISSN
ISSN of series
Weblink
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/11/1428
Access date
2025-10-22
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
Background/Objectives: This study presents a brief report on the preliminary psychometric properties of a first Polish version of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire. The PACER measures ten emotion regulation (ER) strategies parents use to assist their children in their ER. We aimed to examine PACER’s internal consistency reliability, convergent, divergent and discriminant validity. Methods: The sample included 74 Polish-speaking parents aged from 27 to 50, recruited in 2025. Along with the PACER, we used a robust set of psychometric tools for measuring parental burnout, anxiety and depression symptoms, somatic complaints, well-being, and beliefs about emotions. Results: All PACER subscale scores demonstrated good-to-excellent internal consistency reliability (i.e., Cronbach’s alpha of ≥0.83). Encouraging adaptive strategies (e.g., reappraisal) in one’s children was associated with better outcomes (e.g., lower parental burnout and psychopathology symptoms), whereas maladaptive strategies (e.g., avoidance) were associated with worse outcomes. We also demonstrated that PACER strategy scores were statistically separable from maladaptive beliefs about emotions, indicating good discriminant validity. Conclusions: Overall, the Polish PACER demonstrated promising psychometric properties and strong clinical relevance. These findings can help to inform interventions targeted at improving parents’ capacity to help their children regulate emotions, which in turn may help to prevent parental burnout.
Abstract other
Keywords PL
Keywords EN
anxiety
child emotion regulation
depression
emotion beliefs
parental burnout
psychometric properties
psychopathology
questionnaire
somatic complaints
well-being
Keywords other
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 3. Good Health and Well-being
Exhibition title
Place of exhibition (institution)
Exhibition curator
URI
https://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/1937
Type
License type
cc-by
Except as otherwise noted, this item is licensed under the Attribution licence | Permitted use of copyrighted works
Funder
Time range from
Time range to
Contact person name
Related publication
Related publication
Grant/project name
Files
pdf
The Polish Version of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire - Preliminary Psychometric Properties and Links with Parental Burnout, Mental Health Outcomes, and Emotion Beliefs.pdf(334.38 KB)
Download
Views
Views8
Acquisition Date16.12.2025
Downloads
Downloads4
Acquisition Date16.12.2025
Altmetrics©
Dimensions
Google Scholar
Google Scholar