Culpa in Contrahendo of the Algorithm: Pre-contractual Liability in the Age of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of the Roman Legal Tradition

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dc.abstract.enThis paper argues that the autonomy and opacity of artificial-intelligence systems open no gap in pre-contractual liability, since the Roman tradition behind culpa in contrahendo already supplies the answer: fault in contracting attaches to the party who enters negotiations and disappoints another’s reliance, and the algorithm, as an instrument, is attributed to its deployer rather than endowed with legal standing of its own. Tracing the doctrine from Jhering’s reconstruction of the Roman texts on void sales and the reliance (negative) interest to article 72 § 2 of the Polish Civil Code, and testing it against the medical duty to inform under the 2025 Code of Medical Ethics, the study shows that the deployer answers, in the reliance measure, for the representations the system makes. The age of artificial intelligence calls not for a new bearer of pre-contractual fault, but for the tradition to be read with care.
dc.affiliationWydział Prawa w Warszawie
dc.affiliationInstytut Psychologii
dc.conference16th Polish-Spanish Conference on the European Legal Tradition: The Evolution of Roman Law as an Inspiration for the Modern Legislator in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: New Perspectives in Contract Formation
dc.conference.countryPolska
dc.conference.coverageinternational
dc.conference.datefinish2026-05-08
dc.conference.datestart2026-05-08
dc.conference.placeWarszawa
dc.conference.seriesPolish-Spanish Conference on the European Legal Tradition
dc.conference.seriesshortcutPolish-Spanish Conference on the European Legal Tradition
dc.conference.seriesweblinkhttps://sites.google.com/view/polspa-conference?pli=1&authuser=0
dc.conference.shortcut16th Polish-Spanish Conference on the European Legal Tradition
dc.conference.weblinkhttps://sites.google.com/view/polspa-conference?pli=1&authuser=0
dc.contributor.authorKowalski, Paweł
dc.contributor.editorKursa, Sławomir
dc.contributor.editorSkwirowska, Justyna
dc.contributor.editorMontaniana, Amparo
dc.contributor.editorTafaro, Laura
dc.date.access2026-11-04
dc.date.accessioned2026-11-04T08:07:01Z
dc.date.available2026-11-04T08:07:01Z
dc.date.created2026-10-22
dc.date.issued2026-10-22
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.physical25-36
dc.description.sdgQualityEducation
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.identifier.isbn978-83-8447-092-3
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2727
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://sklep.marszalek.com.pl/pl/glowna/6163-the-evolution-of-roman-law-as-an-inspiration-for-the-modern-legislator-vol-2.html
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationnauki prawne
dc.publisher.ministerialWydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
dc.relation.bookThe Evolution of Roman Law as an Inspiration for the Modern Legislator in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: New Perspectives in Contract Formation
dc.relation.pages518
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.rights.questionYes_rights
dc.share.monoPUBLISHER_WEBSITE
dc.subject.enculpa in contrahendo
dc.subject.enpre-contractual liability
dc.subject.enalgorithm attribution
dc.subject.enreliance interest
dc.subject.enmedical duty to inform
dc.swps.sciencecloudsend
dc.titleCulpa in Contrahendo of the Algorithm: Pre-contractual Liability in the Age of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of the Roman Legal Tradition
dc.typeMonographyChapterConference
dspace.entity.typeBook