Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences

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dc.abstract.enThe same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1,2,3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts’ choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the reanalyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent reanalyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of ±0.05 Cohen’s d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator increased to 57%. Of the reanalyses conducted, 74% reached the same conclusion as the original investigation, 24% yielded no effects or inconclusive results and 2% reported the opposite effect. This exploratory study indicates that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not be simply assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty.
dc.affiliationWydział Psychologii we Wrocławiu
dc.affiliationInstytut Psychologii
dc.contributor.authorAczel, Balazs
dc.contributor.authorSzaszi, Barnabas
dc.contributor.authorClelland, Harry T.
dc.contributor.authorKovacs, Marton
dc.contributor.authorHolzmeister, Felix
dc.contributor.authorvan Ravenzwaaij, Don
dc.contributor.authorSchulz-Kümpel, Hannah
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann, Sabine
dc.contributor.authorNilsonne, Gustav
dc.contributor.authorKosa, Livia
dc.contributor.authorTorma, Zoltan A.
dc.contributor.authorAbdelfatah, Yousuf
dc.contributor.authorAberson, Christopher L.
dc.contributor.authorAcar, Oguz A.
dc.contributor.authorAcem, Ensar
dc.contributor.authorAdamkovic, Matus
dc.contributor.authorAdamovich, Timofey
dc.contributor.authorAdiasto, Krisna
dc.contributor.authorAhnström, Love
dc.contributor.authorAkil, Atakan M.
dc.contributor.authorAl-Busaidi, Adil S.
dc.contributor.authorAl-Hoorie, Ali H.
dc.contributor.authorAlbers, Casper J.
dc.contributor.authorAllen, Peter J.
dc.contributor.authorAlsalti, Taym
dc.contributor.authorAltman, Micah
dc.contributor.authorAlzahawi, Shilaan
dc.contributor.authorAmbrosini, Ettore
dc.contributor.authorAnafinova, Saule
dc.contributor.authorAnand, Rahul
dc.contributor.authorAngerer, Martin
dc.contributor.authorAngulo-Brunet, Ariadna
dc.contributor.authorAntonietti, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorArato, Jozsef
dc.contributor.authorArenas, Andreu
dc.contributor.authorAviña, Marco M.
dc.contributor.authorAzevedo, Flavio
dc.contributor.authorBachl, Marko
dc.contributor.authorBago, Bence
dc.contributor.authorBahník, Štěpán
dc.contributor.authorBaker, Bradley J.
dc.contributor.authorBalayan, Elza
dc.contributor.authorBaldwin, Cassandra L.
dc.contributor.authorBanai, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorBanas, Kasia
dc.contributor.authorBartoš, František
dc.contributor.authorBaskin, Ernest
dc.contributor.authorBastiaansen, Jojanneke A.
dc.contributor.authorBault, Nadège
dc.contributor.authorBauman, Christopher W.
dc.contributor.authorBeazer, Quintin H.
dc.contributor.authorBehnke, Maciej
dc.contributor.authorBendixen, Theiss
dc.contributor.authorBerger, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorBernard, Anna
dc.contributor.authorBernardic, Ursa
dc.contributor.authorBloom, Paul A.
dc.contributor.authorBoldt, Annika
dc.contributor.authorBosch-Rosa, Ciril
dc.contributor.authorBotvinik-Nezer, Rotem
dc.contributor.authorBouyamourn, Adam
dc.contributor.authorBozkurt, Ozge
dc.contributor.authorBrehm, Laurel
dc.contributor.authorBreuer, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorBriggs, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorBrohmer, Hilmar
dc.contributor.authorBuchanan, Erin
dc.contributor.authorBuckenmaier, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorBuckley, Jeffrey
dc.contributor.authorBuczny, Jacek
dc.contributor.authorBurghart, Matthias
dc.contributor.authorButt, Bilal H.
dc.contributor.authorByrd, Nick
dc.contributor.authorCafarelli, Valentina
dc.contributor.authorCallahan, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorCapitán, Tabaré
dc.contributor.authorCarriere, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorCataldo, Andrea M.
dc.contributor.authorCepaluni, Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorChan, Eugene
dc.contributor.authorChandler, Jesse J.
dc.contributor.authorChang, Chia-chen
dc.contributor.authorChen, Xi
dc.contributor.authorChen, Shirley Shuo
dc.contributor.authorChen, Fadong
dc.contributor.authorChen, Hao
dc.contributor.authorChirkov, Valerii
dc.contributor.authorCialfi, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorClarke, Beth
dc.contributor.authorCoelho, Sophie G.
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Clara
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Jason
dc.contributor.authorCook, Susan W.
dc.contributor.authorCorlazzoli, Gaia
dc.contributor.authorCummins, Jamie
dc.contributor.authorCzymara, Christian
dc.contributor.authorD’hondt, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorDalla Rosa, Anna
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dc.contributor.authorDavis, Charles P.
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dc.contributor.authorDe Keyzer, Freya
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dc.contributor.authorde Vries, Tjeerd Rudmer
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dc.contributor.authorDechterenko, Filip
dc.contributor.authorDemiral, Elif E.
dc.contributor.authorDesgroseilliers, Marc
dc.contributor.authorDianovics, Dominik
dc.contributor.authorDiveica, Veronica
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dc.contributor.authorEfendić, Emir
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dc.contributor.authorEstrada, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorEudave, Luis
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dc.contributor.authorFerrouhi, El Mehdi
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dc.contributor.authorFišar, Miloš
dc.contributor.authorFlores-Kanter, Pablo Ezequiel
dc.contributor.authorFolwarczny, Michał
dc.contributor.authorFossum, Jessica L.
dc.contributor.authorFranco, Vithor R.
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dc.contributor.authorGąsiorowska, Agata
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dc.contributor.authorGodefroidt, Amélie
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Bustamante, Bastián
dc.contributor.authorGoreis, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorGraf-Vlachy, Lorenz
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dc.contributor.authorGrigoryev, Dmitry
dc.contributor.authorGrinschgl, Sandra
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dc.contributor.authorHamjediers, Maik
dc.contributor.authorHardwick, Robert M.
dc.contributor.authorHarma, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorHarp, Nicholas R.
dc.contributor.authorHartvig, Áron D.
dc.contributor.authorHeiberger, Raphael H.
dc.contributor.authorHeim, Arthur
dc.contributor.authorHernæs, Øystein
dc.contributor.authorHernaus, Dennis
dc.contributor.authorHeyman, Tom
dc.contributor.authorHicks, Joshua
dc.contributor.authorHogeveen, Jeremy
dc.contributor.authorHöpler, Julia
dc.contributor.authorHoulihan, Sean Dae
dc.contributor.authorHuber, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorHughes, Conor
dc.contributor.authorHummler, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorHuth, Karoline
dc.contributor.authorIngendahl, Moritz
dc.contributor.authorIshii, Tatsunori
dc.contributor.authorIsler, Ozan
dc.contributor.authorIzydorczak, Kamil
dc.contributor.authorJackson, Iain R.
dc.contributor.authorJahn, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorJain, Maitri
dc.contributor.authorJakubow, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorJang, Daisung
dc.contributor.authorJang, JunHyeok
dc.contributor.authorJekel, Marc
dc.contributor.authorJia, Fanli
dc.contributor.authorJiménez-Leal, William
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Rebecca
dc.contributor.authorJones, Alex
dc.contributor.authorJungkunz, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorKačmár, Pavol
dc.contributor.authorKaiser, Caspar
dc.contributor.authorKalaycı, Yağmur
dc.contributor.authorKantorowicz, Jaroslaw
dc.contributor.authorKarabulut, Anıl
dc.contributor.authorKarch, Julian D.
dc.contributor.authorKarimi-Rouzbahani, Hamid
dc.contributor.authorA. Karl, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorKažemekaitytė, Austėja
dc.contributor.authorKazlou, Aliaksandr
dc.contributor.authorKekecs, Zoltan
dc.contributor.authorKim, Jin
dc.contributor.authorKirchler, Michael H.
dc.contributor.authorKiss-Dobronyi, Bence
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dc.contributor.authorKołczyńska, Marta
dc.contributor.authorKolias, Pavlos
dc.contributor.authorKolouch Grabovský, Matěj
dc.contributor.authorKorbmacher, Max
dc.contributor.authorKorda, Živa
dc.contributor.authorKowal, Marta
dc.contributor.authorKretzschmar, André
dc.contributor.authorKrivoshchekov, Vladislav
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dc.contributor.authorKubsch, Marcus
dc.contributor.authorKunisato, Yoshihiko
dc.contributor.authorLacko, David
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dc.contributor.authorLempert, Daniel
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dc.contributor.authorLindsay, Luke
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dc.contributor.authorLiu, Meng
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dc.contributor.authorLiu, Tingshu
dc.contributor.authorLo Iacono, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorLodder, Paul
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Bueno, Rubén
dc.contributor.authorLopez-Nicolas, Ruben
dc.contributor.authorLoter, Katharina
dc.contributor.authorLou, Nigel Mantou
dc.contributor.authorLovakov, Andrey
dc.contributor.authorLu, Jackson G.
dc.contributor.authorLudwig, Jonas
dc.contributor.authorLuebber, Finn
dc.contributor.authorLukavský, Jiří
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dc.contributor.authorMaassen, Esther
dc.contributor.authorMáčel, Martin
dc.contributor.authorMack, Michael L.
dc.contributor.authorMadan, Christopher R.
dc.contributor.authorMädebach, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorMaffly-Kipp, Joseph
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dc.contributor.authorMartinoli, Mario
dc.contributor.authorMasiliunas, Aidas
dc.contributor.authorMassoni, Sébastien
dc.contributor.authorMathieu, Kaleb C.
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dc.contributor.authorMayer, Maren
dc.contributor.authorMcCormick, Ethan M.
dc.contributor.authorMcDonough, Ian M.
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dc.contributor.authorMcKee, Paul
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dc.contributor.authorMichaelsen, Patrik
dc.contributor.authorMikolajczak, Gosia
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dc.contributor.authorMoreh, Chris
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dc.contributor.authorScandola, Michele
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dc.contributor.authorSchaerer, Michael
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dc.contributor.authorSchmalz, Xenia
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, Kathleen
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dc.contributor.authorSchubert, Anna-Lena
dc.contributor.authorSchuetze, Brendan
dc.contributor.authorSchultz, Douglas H.
dc.contributor.authorSchulze, Lars
dc.contributor.authorSchwartz, Shawn T.
dc.contributor.authorSchwitter, Nicole
dc.contributor.authorScoggins, Bermond
dc.contributor.authorSeetahul, Yashvin
dc.contributor.authorSeri, Raffaello
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dc.contributor.authorShaw, Stacy T.
dc.contributor.authorShaw, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorShen, Qiang
dc.contributor.authorSiemroth, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorSladekova, Martina
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dc.contributor.authorSzecsi, Peter
dc.contributor.authorSzekely-Copîndean, Raluca D.
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dc.contributor.authorToffalini, Enrico
dc.contributor.authorTomašević, Aleksandar
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dc.contributor.authorTorkkeli, Lasse
dc.contributor.authorTozzi, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorTraczyk, Jakub
dc.contributor.authorTrinidad, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorTrübutschek, Darinka
dc.contributor.authorTurek, Konrad
dc.contributor.authorUhlich, Maximiliane
dc.contributor.authorUhlmann, Eric L.
dc.contributor.authorUrbanska, Karolina
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dc.contributor.authorvan Assen, Marcel A. L. M.
dc.contributor.authorvan Dongen, Noah N. N.
dc.contributor.authorvan Lieshout, Kenny
dc.contributor.authorvan Veldhuizen, Roel
dc.contributor.authorVarga, Marton A.
dc.contributor.authorVaughn, Leigh Ann
dc.contributor.authorVenczel, Fruzsina
dc.contributor.authorVezzoli, Michela
dc.contributor.authorVierus, Paul
dc.contributor.authorVisalli, Antonino
dc.contributor.authorVoldal, Emily
dc.contributor.authorVotta, Fabio
dc.contributor.authorWagenmakers, Eric-Jan
dc.contributor.authorWaldendorf, Anica
dc.contributor.authorWalker, Matthew J.
dc.contributor.authorWall, Matthew B.
dc.contributor.authorWallen, Henri
dc.contributor.authorWang, Ke
dc.contributor.authorWang, Iris
dc.contributor.authorWang, Y. Andre
dc.contributor.authorWeinmann, Markus
dc.contributor.authorWeiß, Martin
dc.contributor.authorWestheide, Christian
dc.contributor.authorWichman, Aaron
dc.contributor.authorWilcke, Juliane C.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Benedict J.
dc.contributor.authorWisniewski, David
dc.contributor.authorWoiczyk, Thomas K. A.
dc.contributor.authorWoźniak, Mateusz
dc.contributor.authorWright, Joshua D.
dc.contributor.authorYouyou, Wu
dc.contributor.authorWulff, Jesper N.
dc.contributor.authorYang, Tao
dc.contributor.authorYeung, Siu Kit
dc.contributor.authorYuen, Kenneth S. L.
dc.contributor.authorZawistowski, Michał
dc.contributor.authorZein, Rizqy A.
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Xian
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Zefan
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Steven
dc.contributor.authorZiller, Conrad
dc.contributor.authorZimmerman, David
dc.contributor.authorZogmaister, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorZultan, Ro’i
dc.contributor.authorFox, Nicholas
dc.contributor.authorErrington, Timothy M.
dc.contributor.authorNosek, Brian A.
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-10T10:19:57Z
dc.date.available2026-04-10T10:19:57Z
dc.date.created2025-10-31
dc.date.issued2026-04-01
dc.description.physical135–142
dc.description.sdgQualityEducation
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume652
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41586-025-09844-9
dc.identifier.eissn1476-4687
dc.identifier.issn0028-0836
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2296
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09844-9
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.rights.questionNo_rights
dc.swps.sciencecloudsend
dc.titleInvestigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences
dc.title.journalNature
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle