Exploring visual attention dynamics in tram driving. Differentiating between expert and novice drivers for Gaze-enhanced training

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dc.abstract.enThe present eye-tracking study explores differences in the dynamics of visual attention in tram drivers with different levels of expertise while driving a tram simulator. Experienced (n = 25) and novice (n = 20) drivers performed a simulator drive on a pre-programmed route with three tasks: tram stop operations, track hazards, and turn-taking. These situations elicited different attentional dynamics as a response to task requirements. First, tram stop operations induced less entropy in drivers’ eye movements than track hazards but not compared to turn-taking. At the beginning of tram stop operations, all drivers were mainly focal. While taking turns, novices switched to ambient attention faster than experts. Analysis of attention allocation to windshields and control panels did not reveal significant differences between experts and novices, suggesting these elements were equally important to both groups. Differences emerged in the analysis of mirrors. Experts exhibited significantly longer total fixation time on mirrors at the first turn-taking stage than novices, and more fixations on mirrors when turning, suggesting a higher control of their surroundings. In general, the scanning patterns of experts tend to be more structured than those of novices. Experts’ dynamics between focal and ambient attention was more relevant to the tram operation demands to maintain safety. Based on these findings, visual attention training for novices will be designed.
dc.affiliationInstytut Psychologii
dc.contributor.authorWarchoł-Jakubowska, Anna
dc.contributor.authorKrejtz, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorBaldisserotto, Filippo
dc.contributor.authorStasiak, Iga
dc.contributor.authorKrejtz, Izabela
dc.date.access2025-12-02
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-02T07:21:45Z
dc.date.available2025-12-02T07:21:45Z
dc.date.created2025-10
dc.date.issued2025-11-20
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.grantnumberDWD/5/0498/202
dc.description.granttitleMinistry of Education and Science Implementation Doctorate Project
dc.description.physical1-13
dc.description.sdgIndustryInnovationAndInfrastructure
dc.description.sdgReducedInequalities
dc.description.sdgLifeOnLand
dc.description.sdgSustainableCitiesAndCommunities
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume116
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.trf.2025.103432
dc.identifier.eissn1873-5517
dc.identifier.issn1369-8478
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2055
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847825003870?via%3Dihub
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.rights.questionNo_rights
dc.share.articleOTHER
dc.subject.enTram driving
dc.subject.enNovices
dc.subject.enExperts
dc.subject.enVisual attention
dc.subject.enEye tracking
dc.subject.enEntropy
dc.swps.sciencecloudsend
dc.titleExploring visual attention dynamics in tram driving. Differentiating between expert and novice drivers for Gaze-enhanced training
dc.title.journalTransportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle