Do procrastination questionnaires measure the same thing in help-seeking individuals as in general population? Factorial validity and invariance analyses

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dc.abstract.enChronic procrastination is increasingly targeted in psychotherapy, necessitating valid measures of procrastination in help-seeking individuals for assessment and to measure intervention outcomes. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used in a sample of help-seeking students with problematic procrastination (n = 1461) on the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS), Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API), and Study Problems Questionnaire (SPQ). We confirmed a three-factor solution for PPS. We did not confirm previously established factor structures for API and decided to explore a one-factor solution (API-R). Additional community student samples (n = 817 and n = 996, respectively) corroborated PPS and API-R factor structures. Invariance analyses demonstrated only configural invariance for both PPS and API-R. Researched measures were validated in a help-seeking sample, suggesting their utility in clinical studies. Current results tentatively suggest that used questionnaires capture different facets of procrastination among students seeking help for their problematic irrational delaying, compared with general student samples, indicating a need for broader research on procrastination as a clinical phenomenon.
dc.affiliationInstytut Psychologii
dc.affiliationWydział Psychologii i Prawa w Poznaniu
dc.contributor.authorKowalski, Joachim
dc.contributor.authorWiwatowska, Ewa
dc.contributor.authorPietruch, Magdalena
dc.contributor.authorBrowarczyk, Weronika
dc.contributor.authorMichałowski, Jarosław
dc.contributor.authorWypych, Marek
dc.date.access2026-05-20
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-21T07:50:39Z
dc.date.available2026-05-21T07:50:39Z
dc.date.created2026-05-07
dc.date.issued2026-05-19
dc.description.accesstimebefore_publication
dc.description.grantnumberOPUS 2021/43/B/HS6/02024
dc.description.granttitle2017/27/B/HS6/03065
dc.description.sdgGoodHealthAndWellBeing
dc.description.sdgDecentWorkAndEconomicGrowth
dc.description.versionoriginal_author
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.paid.2026.113883
dc.identifier.issn0191-8869
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/2354
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.rights.explanationartykuł płatny
dc.rights.questionNo_rights
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dc.swps.sciencecloudnosend
dc.titleDo procrastination questionnaires measure the same thing in help-seeking individuals as in general population? Factorial validity and invariance analyses
dc.title.journalPersonality and Individual Differences
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle