Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

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cris.lastimport.scopus2025-07-15T03:12:08Z
dc.abstract.enThe current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoreti- cal considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia.
dc.affiliationZakład Psychologii Społecznej Wydziału Psychologii w Sopocie
dc.contributor.authorMeskó, Norbert
dc.contributor.authorKowal, Marta
dc.contributor.authorLáng, András
dc.contributor.authorKocsor, Ferenc
dc.contributor.authorBandi, Szabolcs A.
dc.contributor.authorPutz, Adam
dc.contributor.authorSorokowski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorFrederick, David A.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía, Felipe E.
dc.contributor.authorAguilar, Leonardo A.
dc.contributor.authorStudzinska, Anna
dc.contributor.authorTan, Chee-Seng
dc.contributor.authorGjoneska, Biljana
dc.contributor.authorMilfont, Taciano L.
dc.contributor.authorBulut, Merve Topcu
dc.contributor.authorGrigoryev, Dmitry
dc.contributor.authorAavik, Toivo
dc.contributor.authorBoussena, Mahmoud
dc.contributor.authorMattiassi, Alan D. A.
dc.contributor.authorAfhami, Reza
dc.contributor.authorAmin, Rizwana
dc.contributor.authorBaiocco, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorBrahim, Hamdaoui
dc.contributor.authorCan, Ali R.
dc.contributor.authorCarneiro, Joao
dc.contributor.authorÇetinkaya, Hakan
dc.contributor.authorChubinidze, Dimitri
dc.contributor.authorDeschrijver, Eliane
dc.contributor.authorDon, Yahya
dc.contributor.authorDubrov, Dmitrii
dc.contributor.authorDuyar, Izzet
dc.contributor.authorJovic, Marija
dc.contributor.authorKamburidis, Julia A.
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Farah
dc.contributor.authorKhun-Inkeeree, Hareesol
dc.contributor.authorKoso-Drljevic, Maida
dc.contributor.authorLacko, David
dc.contributor.authorMassar, Karlijn
dc.contributor.authorMorelli, Mara
dc.contributor.authorNatividade, Jean C.
dc.contributor.authorNyhus, Ellen K.
dc.contributor.authorPark, Ju Hee
dc.contributor.authorPazhoohi, Farid
dc.contributor.authorPirtskhalava, Ekaterine
dc.contributor.authorPonnet, Koen
dc.contributor.authorProkop, Pavol
dc.contributor.authorŠakan, Dušana
dc.contributor.authorTulyakul, Singha
dc.contributor.authorWang, Austin H.
dc.contributor.authorAquino, Sibele
dc.contributor.authorAtamtürk, Derya D.
dc.contributor.authorBurduli, Nana
dc.contributor.authorChirumbolo, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorDural, Seda
dc.contributor.authorEtchezahar, Edgardo
dc.contributor.authorMoharrampour, Nasim Ghahraman
dc.contributor.authorAczel, Balazs
dc.contributor.authorKozma, Luca
dc.contributor.authorLins, Samuel
dc.contributor.authorManunta, Efisio
dc.contributor.authorMarot, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorMebarak, Moises
dc.contributor.authorMiroshnik, Kirill G.
dc.contributor.authorMisetic, Katarina
dc.contributor.authorPapadatou-Pastou, Marietta
dc.contributor.authorBakos, Bence
dc.contributor.authorSahli, Fatima Zahra
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Sangeeta
dc.contributor.authorSolak, Çağlar
dc.contributor.authorVolkodav, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorWlodarczyk, Anna
dc.contributor.authorAkello, Grace
dc.contributor.authorArgyrides, Marios
dc.contributor.authorÇoker, Ogeday
dc.contributor.authorGałasińska-Grygorczuk, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorGómez Yepes, Talía
dc.contributor.authorKobylarek, Aleksander
dc.contributor.authorLanda-Blanco, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorMayorga, Marlon
dc.contributor.authorÖzener, Barış
dc.contributor.authorPacquing, Ma. Criselda T.
dc.contributor.authorReyes, Marc Eric S.
dc.contributor.authorŞahin, Ayşegül
dc.contributor.authorTamayo-Agudelo, William
dc.contributor.authorTopanova, Gulmira
dc.contributor.authorToplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi
dc.contributor.authorTürkan, Belgüzar N.
dc.contributor.authorZumárraga-Espinosa, Marcos
dc.contributor.authorGrassini, Simone
dc.contributor.authorAntfolk, Jan
dc.contributor.authorCornec, Clément
dc.contributor.authorPisanski, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorStöckli, Sabrina
dc.contributor.authorEder, Stephanie Josephine
dc.contributor.authorHan, Hyemin
dc.date.access2023-12-21
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-15T08:32:37Z
dc.date.available2024-07-15T08:32:37Z
dc.date.created2023-10-05
dc.date.issued2024-02
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia.</jats:p>
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dc.description.physical811-837
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume53
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10508-023-02724-1
dc.identifier.eissn1573-2800
dc.identifier.issn0004-0002
dc.identifier.urihttps://share.swps.edu.pl/handle/swps/793
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-023-02724-1
dc.languageen
dc.language.abstracten
dc.language.subjecten
dc.pbn.affiliationpsychologia
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.rights.questionYes_rights
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
dc.share.articleOTHER
dc.subject.enResources for sex
dc.subject.enSugar relationships
dc.subject.enCross-cultural comparison
dc.subject.enHuman mating
dc.swps.sciencecloudsend
dc.titleExploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship
dc.title.journalArchives of Sexual Behavior
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typeArticle