Pragmatism, non-consensual democracy and populism
Pragmatism, non-consensual democracy and populism
StatusVoR
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Authors
Koczanowicz, Leszek
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Date
2026-10-10
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Pragmatism Today
Issue
1
Volume
17
Pages
Pages
41-47
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2026-10-10
Abstract PL
Abstract EN
In this paper, I offer a reinterpretation of populism as viewed through the lens of political pragmatism and my pragmatist concept of non-consensual democracy. My argument takes its starting point from a critique of the currently dominant approach in which populism is primarily described as a threat to liberal-democratic institutions. While such an assessment of populism is legitimate, it is also incomplete since it fails to explain why populist mobilizations prove to be convincing to the public. I argue that populism should also be regarded as an expression of real deficits of liberal democracy, including an enfeeblement of representation, a yawning gap between institutional politics and everyday experience, a crisis of representation, and the reduction of conflict to a technocratically managed consensus. In the first part, I build on John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, and also Mikhail Bakhtin to outline the pragmatist understanding of politics as rooted in practices of everyday life. In the second part, I discuss my idea of non-consensual democracy, which proposes an alternative to both the deliberative model of consensus and the agonistic affirmation of conflict. In the third part, I draw a distinction between the common good and common interests to show that pragmatism furnishes us with a language capable of capturing democratic integration without recourse to the notion of community. This promotes construing populism as both a symptom and a challenge because while it reveals actual failings of liberal democracy, it responds to them in an anti-pluralist manner. Thus, the democratic response must not come down to a condemnation of populism; instead, democratic institutions must be restructured to accommodate permanent disagreement,
conflicts of interest, and non-consensual dialogue.
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Keywords PL
Keywords EN
common good
common interests
liberal democracy
non-consensual democracy
pluralism
pop- ulism
pragmatism
common interests
liberal democracy
non-consensual democracy
pluralism
pop- ulism
pragmatism
Keywords other
Sustainable Development Goals
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Related publication
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Grant/project name
Estetyka populizmu: Walka polityczna i doświadczenie estetyczne w Polsce po 1989 roku (
Grant number
2019/35/B/HS2/01187)